Table 5.
Mortality rate ratios (MRR) for females per 1000 person-years analysed - all-cause mortality.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure | MRR (95% CI) | p | MRR (95% CI) | p | MRR (95% CI) | p | |
| Main effect of region | MENA | 0.66 (0.62,0.70) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.46,0.53) | <0.001 | 0.54 (0.50,0.57) | <0.001 |
| F. Yugoslavia | 1.06 (1.01,1.12) | 0.030 | 0.85 (0.81,0.90) | <0.001 | 0.95 (0.90,1.00) | 0.059 | |
| Denmark | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Other | 1.07 (1.06,1.09) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.95,0.98) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.004 | |
| Interaction | |||||||
| PTSD/EPCACE | MENA | 0.57 (0.33,0.98) | 0.043 | 0.35 (0.20,0.61) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.23,0.69) | 0.001 |
| F. Yugoslavia | 0.91 (0.62,1.33) | 0.620 | 0.59 (0.40,0.86) | 0.006 | 0.65 (0.44,0.95) | 0.025 | |
| Denmark | 1.70 (1.54,1.87) | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.23,1.49) | <0.001 | 0.98 (0.89,1.08) | 0.669 | |
| Other | 1.63 (1.24,2.15) | <0.001 | 1.15 (0.87,1.51) | 0.317 | 0.91 (0.69,1.19) | 0.488 | |
| Psychotic disorder | MENA | 2.93 (2.08,4.13) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.47,2.91) | <0.001 | 1.79 (1.27,2.53) | 0.001 |
| F. Yugoslavia | 2.12 (1.63,2.74) | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.37,2.30) | <0.001 | 1.45 (1.12,1.87) | 0.005 | |
| Denmark | 2.40 (2.36,2.43) | <0.001 | 2.15 (2.11,2.18) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.68,1.73) | <0.001 | |
| Other | 2.55 (2.40,2.71) | <0.001 | 2.26 (2.13,2.41) | <0.001 | 1.68 (1.58,1.79) | <0.001 | |
| PTSD/EPCACE and psychotic disorder | MENA | N/A† | N/A† | N/A† | |||
| F. Yugoslavia | 1.59 (0.71,3.54) | 0.257 | 0.96 (0.43,2.15) | 0.925 | 0.90 (0.41,2.02) | 0.806 | |
| Denmark | 3.22 (2.62,3.95) | <0.001 | 2.28 (1.86,2.80) | <0.001 | 1.31 (1.06,1.60) | 0.010 | |
| Other | 1.85 (1.05,3.26) | 0.033 | 1.12 (0.62,2.02) | 0.712 | 0.77 (0.43,1.40) | 0.396 | |
| None | MENA | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | |||
| F. Yugoslavia | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Denmark | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Other | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Covariates | |||||||
| Single adult household | No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Yes | 0.85 (0.84,0.86) | <0.001 | 0.93 (0.92,0.94) | <0.001 | |||
| Labour market participation | Employed/education | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||||
| Retired | 3.51 (3.41,3.60) | <0.001 | 2.31 (2.25,2.37) | <0.001 | |||
| Unemployed | 4.16 (4.11,4.23) | <0.001 | 2.52 (2.48,2.56) | <0.001 | |||
| CCI | None | 1.00 (ref) | |||||
| One | 4.02 (3.98,4.05) | <0.001 | |||||
| Two or more | 11.49 (11.40,11.57) | <0.001 | |||||
| SUD | No | 1.00 (ref) | |||||
| Yes | 2.09 (2.07,2.12) | <0.001 |
PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; EPCACE, Enduring personality change after catastrophic event
MENA, the Middle East and North Africa; F. Yugoslavia, Former Yugoslavia; Other, remaining countries
CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SUD, Substance Use Disorder
†
Because of low numbers