Table 1.
Results of the first-line treatment regimens reported for groups with unfavorable prognoses for carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) from 2000 to 2021.
| CBDCA-based | Drug | N | RR(%) | mPFS(m) | MST(m) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Briasoulis (2000) | CBDCA + PTX | 77 | 38.7 | NA | 13 | (8) |
| Greco (2000) | CBDCA+DTX | 47 | 22 | 8 | (9) | |
| Dowell (2001) | CBDCA+ETP | 17 | 18.8 | NA | 6.5 | (10) |
| Piga (2004) | CBDCA+DTX+ETP | 102 | 26.5 | 4 | 9 | (11) |
| EI-Rayes (2005) | CBDCA+PTX | 73 | 23 | NA | 6.5 | (12) |
| Pittman (2005) | CBDCA+GEM | 51 | 30.5 | 4.2 | 7.8 | (13) |
| Schneider (2007) | CBDCA+GEM+Cape | 33 | 39.4 | 6.2 | 7.6 | (14) |
| Pentheroudakis (2008) | CBDCA+DTX | 23 | 17.4 | 3.1 | 5.3 | (15) |
| Yonemori (2009) | CBDCA+CPT-11 | 45 | 41.9 | 4.8 | 12.2 | (16) |
| Huebner (2009) | CBDCA+PTX | 46 | 23.8 | 6.1 | 11 | (17) |
| Hainsworth (2009) | CBDCA+PTX+Bev+Er | 49 | 53 | 8 | 12.6 | (18) |
| Hainsworth (2010) | CBDCA+PTX+ETP | 93 | 18 | 3.3 | 7.4 | (19) |
| CDDP-based | ||||||
| Voog (2000) | CDDP+ETP | 22 | 32 | 8 | (20) | |
| Greco (2000) | CDDP+DTX | 26 | 26 | 8 | (9) | |
| Parnis et al. (2000) | CDDP+5-FU+EPI | 43 | 23 | NA | 5.8 | (21) |
| Saghatchian (2001) | CDDP+ETP→CDDP+ETP+BLM+IFM | 30 | 40 | 9.4 | (22) | |
| Saghatchian (2001) | CDDP+5-FU+αIFN | 18 | 44 | 16.1 | (22) | |
| Guardiola (2001) | CDDP+DTX+ETP | 22 | 50 | 8.8 | 10.7 | (23) |
| Macdonald (2002) | CDDP+5-FU+MMC | 31 | 27 | 3.4 | 7.7 | (24) |
| Culine (2002) | DXR+CPA/CDDP+ETP | 82 | 39 | NA | 10 | (25) |
| Culine (2003) | CDDP+GEM | 39 | 55 | NA | 8 | (26) |
| Culine (2003) | CDDP+CPT-11 | 40 | 38 | NA | 6 | (26) |
| Balana (2003) | CDDP+GEM+ETP | 31 | 36.6 | 7.2 | (27) | |
| Park (2004) | CDDP+PTX | 37 | 42 | 4 | 11 | (28) |
| Palmeri (2006) | CDDP+GEM+PTX | 33 | 48.5 | 7 | 9.6 | (29) |
| Palmeri (2006) | CDDP+PTX+VNR | 33 | 42.3 | 7 | 13.6 | (29) |
| Mukai (2010) | CDDP+DTX | 45 | 65.1 | 5 | 11.8 | (30) |
| Groaa-Goupil (2012) | CDDP+GEM | 27 | 19 | 5 | 11 | (31) |
| Tsuya (2013) | CDDP+S-1 | 46 | 41.3 | 7.5 | 17.4 | (32) |
| Demirci (2014) | CDDP+DTX | 29 | 37.9 | 6 | 16 | (33) |
| L-OHP-based | ||||||
| Briasoulis (2008) | L-OHP+CPT-11 | 47 | 13 | 2.7 | 9.5 | (34) |
| Shin (2016) | L-OHP+5-FU(FOLFOX6) | 23 | 35 | 3 | 9.5 | (35) |
| Other | ||||||
| Dowell (2001) | PTX+5-FU | 17 | 18.8 | NA | 8.4 | (10) |
| Hainsworth (2007) | Bev+Er | 51 | 10 | 3.9 | 7.4 | (36) |
| Huebner (2009) | GEM+VNR | 46 | 20 | 3.2 | 7 | (17) |
| Hainsworth (2010) | GEM+CPT-11 | 105 | 18 | 5.3 | 8.5 | (19) |
| Holtan (2012) | GEM+CPT-11 | 31 | 12 | NA | 7.2 | (37) |
| Tanizaki (2021) | Nivolumab | 45 | 22.2 | 4 | 15.9 | (38) |
RR, response rate; mPFS, median progression-free survival; MST, median survival time; CBDCA, carboplatin; L-OHP, oxaliplatin; PTX, paclitaxel; ETP, etoposide; GEM, gemcitabine; CPT, irinotecan; DTX, docetaxel; Cape, capecitabine; Bev, bevacizumab; Er, erlotinib; BLM, bleomycin; IFM, ifosfamide; αIFN, αinterferon; MMC, mitomycin; VNR, vinorelbine; NA, not available.
Various treatments have been reported, such as combined platinum-based doublet, non-platinum doublet and triplet, or more.