. 2023 Jul 10;10:1137412. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1137412

Table 3.

Modeling results of HDI-10 and UDI-14 by the cigarette smoking.

Cigarette smoking	Women
Cigarette smoking	HDI-10 index 1st quartile; Me; 3rd quartile	p (Mann–Whitney U test)	UDI-14 index 1st quartile; Me; 3rd quartile	p (Mann–Whitney U test)
Yes	20.90;29.60; 35.90	0.711	5.36;7.04; 10.79	0.694
No	16.90;35.30; 42.80	0.711	3.79;7.79; 14.36	0.694
Cigarette smoking	Men
Cigarette smoking	HDI-10 index 1st quartile; Me; 3rd quartile	p (Mann–Whitney U test)	UDI-14 index 1st quartile; Me; 3rd quartile	p (Mann–Whitney U test)
Yes	17.80;25.30; 33.20	0.128	7.96;12.89; 18.21*	0.032
No	14.80;19.60; 26.40	0.128	13.64;19.00; 22.79	0.032

* Significant difference compare to the non-smoking group (p = 0.032, Mann–Whitney U test). Bold values represent median and statistical significance (p < 0.05).