Fig. 5. Weighted SNP heritability and genetic correlation estimates.

a, Differences in SNP heritability ($h_{\mathrm{DIFF}}^2=h^2-h_{\mathrm{w}}^2$) and genetic correlations (r_g,DIFF = |r_g| − |r_g,w|) obtained from weighted and standard GWA analyses. The diagonal shows the differences in SNP heritability, where biases leading to overestimation ($h_{\mathrm{DIFF}}^2$ > 0.02) are plotted in orange and biases leading to underestimation ($h_{\mathrm{DIFF}}^2$ < −0.02) are plotted in yellow. The off-diagonal highlights overestimated genetic correlations (r_g,DIFF > 0.1) in blue and underestimated genetic correlations (r_g,DIFF < −0.1) in green. Tiles coloured in turquoise index genetic correlations where r_g and r_g,w show opposite directions (with r_g printed at the top and r_g,w printed at the bottom of the tile). b, Estimates of genetic correlations (r_g shown as circles; r_g,w shown as triangles) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals for two selected traits. The asterisks indicate estimates showing significant differences (P_FDR < 0.05). All P values are from two-sided tests and are corrected for multiple testing using FDR correction (controlled at 5%).