Table 1.
Summary of intercorrelations, means, and standard deviations for cross-lagged panel model for times 1, 2, 3, and 4 of psychological distress and social media use
| M | (SD) | α | N | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Social Media Use T1 | 3.366 | (6.415) | ‒ | 13,576 | 1 | ||||||||||
| 2. Social Media Use T2 | 4.190 | (7.689) | ‒ | 21,188 | 0.581 | 1 | |||||||||
| 3. Social Media Use T3 | 3.964 | (7.025) | ‒ | 16,663 | 0.613 | 0.639 | 1 | ||||||||
| 4. Social Media Use T4 | 4.288 | (7.736) | ‒ | 46,413 | 0.564 | 0.554 | 0.625 | 1 | |||||||
| 5. Psychological Distress T1 | 0.826 | (0.648) | .848 | 13,904 | 0.159 | 0.159 | 0.155 | 0.163 | 1 | ||||||
| 6. Psychological Distress T2 | 0.878 | (0.679) | .850 | 21,849 | 0.165 | 0.177 | 0.174 | 0.165 | 0.734 | 1 | |||||
| 7. Psychological Distress T3 | 0.842 | (0.654) | .850 | 17,031 | 0.166 | 0.178 | 0.190 | 0.169 | 0.709 | 0.738 | 1 | ||||
| 8. Psychological Distress T4 | 0.900 | (0.691) | .852 | 47,462 | 0.165 | 0.174 | 0.183 | 0.169 | 0.699 | 0.722 | 0.757 | 1 | |||
| 9. Gender T1 | .373 | (.484) | ‒ | 13,892 | − 0.123 | − 0.118 | − 0.129 | − 0.125 | − 0.053 | − 0.051 | − 0.055 | − 0.053 | 1 | ||
| 10. Age T1 | 50.799 | (13.906) | ‒ | 13,942 | − 0.257 | − 0.254 | − 0.261 | − 0.246 | − 0.257 | − 0.260 | − 0.271 | − 0.271 | 0.121 | 1 | |
| 11. Ethnicity T1 | .897 | (.303) | ‒ | 13,942 | − 0.097 | − 0.101 | − 0.106 | − 0.104 | − 0.064 | − 0.065 | − 0.063 | − 0.079 | − 0.018 | 0.088 | 1 |
| 12. SES T1 | 54.362 | (16.039) | ‒ | 13,813 | − 0.028 | − 0.023 | − 0.015 | − 0.038 | − 0.108 | − 0.090 | − 0.082 | − 0.095 | − 0.067 | − 0.064 | 0.054 |
n = 55,218
Ethnicity is coded as 1 = NZ Euro, 0 = other. SES = Socio-Economic Status. Gender is coded as 0 = Women, 1 = Men
All zero-order correlations are significant at p < 0.01