Table 1.
Oncogenic and anti-cancer human WNT ligands (WNTs) in the pathogenesis of NSCLC by regulating the canonical and noncanonical WNT pathways
| WNT Ligands | Expression level | Effect | Type of WNT pathway |
|---|---|---|---|
| WNT1 | Increased [45, 47, 52] | Oncogenic | Activating canonical [45, 46, 52] |
| WNT2 | Increased [55, 59] | Oncogenic | Activating canonical [60, 61] |
| WNT2B | Increased [64] | Oncogenic | Activating canonical [64, 71] |
| WNT3 | Increased [77] | Oncogenic | Activating canonical [78] |
| WNT3A | Increased [81] | Oncogenic | Activating canonical [81, 82, 161] |
| WNT4 | Decreased [131] | No data in NSCLC | |
| WNT5A | Decreased [107] | Anti-cancer | Inhibiting canonical [107] |
| Increased [92, 95] | Oncogenic | Activating canonical [92, 95, 96, 101], | |
| Activating noncanonical [105, 106] | |||
| WNT5B | Increased | Oncogenic | No data in NSCLC |
| WNT6 | Increased [131] | No data in NSCLC | |
| WNT7A | Decreased [113, 120, 121] | Anti-cancer |
Activating canonical [113] |
| WNT7B | Increased [131] | Oncogenic [132] | No data in NSCLC |
| WNT8A | No data in NSCLC | ||
| WNT8B | Increased [131] | No data in NSCLC | |
| WNT9A/WNT9B | Decreased [131] | No data in NSCLC | |
| WNT10A | Increased [131] | No data in NSCLC | |
| WNT10B | Increased [131] | Oncogenic [133] | No data in NSCLC |
| WNT11 | Increased [127] | Anti-cancer | Inhibiting canonical [127] |
| Activating noncanonical [105, 127] | |||
| WNT16 | Increased [131] | No data in NSCLC | |