Table 1.
Overview of the data sources of the instrumental variables used in the MR study.
| Risk factor | Used SNPs† | Sample size | Ancestry | Unit‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Hypertension | 143/132/142 | 390406 | European | Odds of hypertension |
| Systolic blood pressure | 400/380/380 | Over 1 million | European | 1 mmHg increase |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 398/375/375 | Over 1 million | European | 1 mmHg increase |
| Pulse pressure | 343/326/326 | Over 1 million | European | 1 mmHg increase |
| Glucose | ||||
| Type 2 diabetes | 37/32/35 | 898130 | European | Odds of type 2 diabetes |
| Fasting glucose | 64/60/61 | 281416 | Mostly European | mmol/L |
| Fasting insulin | 35/31/33 | 281416 | Mostly European | mmol/L |
| 2 h glucose | 12/10/10 | 281416 | Mostly European | mmol/L |
| HbA1c | 68/62/64 | 281416 | Mostly European | mmol/L |
| Lipids | ||||
| Dyslipidemia | 50/44/48 | 390406 | European | Odds of dyslipidemia |
| LDL-C | 76/40/40 | 188577 | Mostly European | 1 SD increase |
| HDL-C | 85/79/79 | 188577 | Mostly European | 1 SD increase |
| Triglycerides | 55/50/50 | 188577 | Mostly European | 1 SD increase |
| Sleep | ||||
| Insomnia | 34/33/33 | 1331010 | European | Odds of insomnia |
| Overall-sleep duration | 60/57/58 | 446118 | European | h/d |
| Short sleep duration | 23/23/23 | 411934 | European | <7 h/d vs 7–8 h/d |
| Long-sleep duration | 7/5/7 | 339926 | European | ≥9 h/d vs 7–8 h/d |
| Overweight | ||||
| Body mass index | 715/680/680 | ≈700000 | European | 1 SD increase |
| Diet | ||||
| Coffee intake | 23/20/22 | 501494 | European | cup/d |
| Tea intake | 16/25/18 | 501494 | European | cup/d |
| Smoking | ||||
| Smoking initiation | 73/70/70 | 1232091 | European | Ever smoked regularly compared with never smoking |
| Cigarettes per day | 20/17/17 | 337334 | European | 1 SD increase in the number of cigarettes smoked per day |
| Drinking | ||||
| Alcohol consumption | 32/32/32 | 941280 | European | 1-SD increase in log-transformed alcoholic drinks/wk |
| Education | ||||
| Educational level | 262/253/253 | 1131881 | European | 1 SD increase in years of educational attainment |
GWAS genome-wide association study, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MR Mendelian randomization, NA not available, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, HbAlc glycosylated hemoglobin, PD Parkinson’s disease, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
†SNPs used in investigating associations of modifiable risk factors and AD/PD/ALS risks.
‡Units used in the present MR analysis.