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. 2023 Jul 24;13:267. doi: 10.1038/s41398-023-02553-9

Table 2.

Associations of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors with AD, PD, and ALS (by “MRlap” package).

Exposures AD_IVW beta (se) Paternal AD_IVW beta (se) Maternal AD_IVW beta (se) PD_IVW beta (se) ALS_IVW beta (se)
Hypertension 0.095 (0.026) *** 0.040 (0.012) *** 0.031 (0.011) ** 0.011 (0.010) 0.049 (0.024) *
SBP −0.062 (0.02) ** −0.019 (0.009) * −0.023 (0.008) ** −0.0001 (0.007) −0.032 (0.017)
DBP −0.052 (0.019) ** −0.030 (0.008) *** −0.019 (0.008) * −0.005 (0.007) −0.051 (0.017) **
PP −0.058 (0.023) * −0.014 (0.010) −0.017 (0.009) 0.003 (0.008) 0.002 (0.017)
Dyslipidemia 0.028 (0.057) 0.074 (0.033) * 0.070 (0.035) * −0.025 (0.014) 0.080 (0.032) *
HDL 0.013 (0.023) 0.0001 (0.009) 0.001 (0.011) −0.013 (0.006) * 0.026 (0.019)
LDL 0.067 (0.021) ** 0.029 (0.011) ** 0.047 (0.015) ** −0.004 (0.006) 0.041 (0.014) **
Triglyceride 0.044 (0.026) 0.010 (0.014) 0.017 (0.017) −0.011 (0.009) 0.021 (0.020)
Type 2 diabetes −0.038 (0.075) −0.035 (0.031) −0.006 (0.025) −0.003 (0.029) 0.104 (0.051) *
Fasting glucose 0.006 (0.03) 0.0001 (0.010) −0.002 (0.008) 0.010 (0.008) 0.005 (0.009)
Fasting insulin 0.004 (0.038) 0.001 (0.002) −0.001 (0.002) −0.002 (0.011) −0.011 (0.010)
2 h Glu 0.043 (0.022) −0.004 (0.004) −0.001 (0.004) −0.027 (0.015) 0.023 (0.010) *
HbA1c 0.021 (0.022) −0.0001 (0.008) −0.005 (0.008) −0.009 (0.007) 0.017 (0.017)
Insomnia −0.083 (0.142) −0.002 (0.064) −0.047 (0.064) 0.038 (0.068) −0.151 (0.143)
Overall-sleep 0.031 (0.066) 0.012 (0.025) −0.006 (0.026) 0.067 (0.042) −0.022 (0.060)
Long-sleep 0.192 (0.321) 0.051 (0.093) −0.061 (0.093) 0.643 (0.332) * 0.214 (0.284)
Short sleep 0.166 (0.135) 0.010 (0.055) 0.069 (0.054) 0.099 (0.048) * −0.014 (0.122)
Body mass index −0.03 (0.008) *** −0.006 (0.003) −0.008 (0.003) * 0.003 (0.003) −0.002 (0.007)
Coffee intake −0.015 (0.085) −0.012 (0.033) 0.010 (0.032) −0.028 (0.033) 0.066 (0.055)
Tea intake −0.021 (0.076) 0.018 (0.038) 0.006 (0.034) −0.036 (0.033) 0.082 (0.078)
Smoking initiation −0.112 (0.07) −0.032 (0.030) 0.002 (0.026) −0.024 (0.025) 0.179 (0.066) **
CigarettesPerDay 0.033 (0.064) 0.018 (0.026) 0.058 (0.027) * 0.007 (0.029) −0.066 (0.050)
DrinksPerWeek 0.106 (0.088) 0.008 (0.033) 0.005 (0.035) 0.075 (0.064) 0.031 (0.059)
Educational level −0.205 (0.036) *** 0.015 (0.015) 0.011 (0.005) * 0.055 (0.015) *** −0.130 (0.035) ***

HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, PP pulse pressure, HbAlc glycosylated hemoglobin, 2h Glu 2-hour post-meal blood glucose, PD Parkinson’s disease, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, IVW Inverse-variance weighted.

*, 0.01 < p < 0.05; **, 0.001 < p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.