Table 2.
Associations of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors with AD, PD, and ALS (by “MRlap” package).
| Exposures | AD_IVW beta (se) | Paternal AD_IVW beta (se) | Maternal AD_IVW beta (se) | PD_IVW beta (se) | ALS_IVW beta (se) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | 0.095 (0.026) *** | 0.040 (0.012) *** | 0.031 (0.011) ** | 0.011 (0.010) | 0.049 (0.024) * |
| SBP | −0.062 (0.02) ** | −0.019 (0.009) * | −0.023 (0.008) ** | −0.0001 (0.007) | −0.032 (0.017) |
| DBP | −0.052 (0.019) ** | −0.030 (0.008) *** | −0.019 (0.008) * | −0.005 (0.007) | −0.051 (0.017) ** |
| PP | −0.058 (0.023) * | −0.014 (0.010) | −0.017 (0.009) | 0.003 (0.008) | 0.002 (0.017) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.028 (0.057) | 0.074 (0.033) * | 0.070 (0.035) * | −0.025 (0.014) | 0.080 (0.032) * |
| HDL | 0.013 (0.023) | 0.0001 (0.009) | 0.001 (0.011) | −0.013 (0.006) * | 0.026 (0.019) |
| LDL | 0.067 (0.021) ** | 0.029 (0.011) ** | 0.047 (0.015) ** | −0.004 (0.006) | 0.041 (0.014) ** |
| Triglyceride | 0.044 (0.026) | 0.010 (0.014) | 0.017 (0.017) | −0.011 (0.009) | 0.021 (0.020) |
| Type 2 diabetes | −0.038 (0.075) | −0.035 (0.031) | −0.006 (0.025) | −0.003 (0.029) | 0.104 (0.051) * |
| Fasting glucose | 0.006 (0.03) | 0.0001 (0.010) | −0.002 (0.008) | 0.010 (0.008) | 0.005 (0.009) |
| Fasting insulin | 0.004 (0.038) | 0.001 (0.002) | −0.001 (0.002) | −0.002 (0.011) | −0.011 (0.010) |
| 2 h Glu | 0.043 (0.022) | −0.004 (0.004) | −0.001 (0.004) | −0.027 (0.015) | 0.023 (0.010) * |
| HbA1c | 0.021 (0.022) | −0.0001 (0.008) | −0.005 (0.008) | −0.009 (0.007) | 0.017 (0.017) |
| Insomnia | −0.083 (0.142) | −0.002 (0.064) | −0.047 (0.064) | 0.038 (0.068) | −0.151 (0.143) |
| Overall-sleep | 0.031 (0.066) | 0.012 (0.025) | −0.006 (0.026) | 0.067 (0.042) | −0.022 (0.060) |
| Long-sleep | 0.192 (0.321) | 0.051 (0.093) | −0.061 (0.093) | 0.643 (0.332) * | 0.214 (0.284) |
| Short sleep | 0.166 (0.135) | 0.010 (0.055) | 0.069 (0.054) | 0.099 (0.048) * | −0.014 (0.122) |
| Body mass index | −0.03 (0.008) *** | −0.006 (0.003) | −0.008 (0.003) * | 0.003 (0.003) | −0.002 (0.007) |
| Coffee intake | −0.015 (0.085) | −0.012 (0.033) | 0.010 (0.032) | −0.028 (0.033) | 0.066 (0.055) |
| Tea intake | −0.021 (0.076) | 0.018 (0.038) | 0.006 (0.034) | −0.036 (0.033) | 0.082 (0.078) |
| Smoking initiation | −0.112 (0.07) | −0.032 (0.030) | 0.002 (0.026) | −0.024 (0.025) | 0.179 (0.066) ** |
| CigarettesPerDay | 0.033 (0.064) | 0.018 (0.026) | 0.058 (0.027) * | 0.007 (0.029) | −0.066 (0.050) |
| DrinksPerWeek | 0.106 (0.088) | 0.008 (0.033) | 0.005 (0.035) | 0.075 (0.064) | 0.031 (0.059) |
| Educational level | −0.205 (0.036) *** | 0.015 (0.015) | 0.011 (0.005) * | 0.055 (0.015) *** | −0.130 (0.035) *** |
HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, PP pulse pressure, HbAlc glycosylated hemoglobin, 2 h Glu 2-hour post-meal blood glucose, PD Parkinson’s disease, AD Alzheimer’s disease, ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, IVW Inverse-variance weighted.
*, 0.01 < p < 0.05; **, 0.001 < p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.