TABLE 2.
Time to maturity of Bosmina and additional relevant information.
| Species | Experimental data (except for our data in the last row) | Calculated | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body length at maturity, mm | Clutch size, eggs per clutch | Water temperature, °С | D m1, days | D m2, days (at 17.6°С) | |
| Bosmina coregoni a | 0.38–0.40 | 8 | 15 | 8–10 | 6.4–8.1 |
| Bosmina coregonia a | 0.32 | 8 | 20 | 3 | 3.7 |
| Bosmina longirostris b | 0.38 | 1.7 | 11 | 14–16 | 8.0–9.2 |
| Bosmina longirostris b | 0.34 | 1.1 | 21 | 3–4 | 4.0–5.3 |
| Bosmina coregoni c | 0.42 ± 0.02 (±SD) | NA | 15 | 7 | 5.6 |
| Bosmina longirostris c | 0.38 ± 0.02 (±SD) | NA | 15 | 7 | 5.6 |
| Bosmina longispina maritima d | 0.39 ± 0.02 (±SD) | 1.3 ± 0.5 (±SD) | 10 | 10.6 ± 1.0 (±SD) | 5.0–6.1 |
| Bosmina longispina maritima d | NA | 2.8 ± 0.8 (±SD) | 15 | 5.9 ± 0.2 (±SD) | 4.6–4.9 |
| Bosmina longirostris e | 0.27 ± 0.01 (±SE) | 1.1 ± 0.1 (±SE) | 20 | 5.8 ± 0.8 (±SE) | 6.1–8.0 |
| Our data, 2013 | 0.25 ± 0.02 (±SD) | 1.0 ± 0.2 (±SD) | 17.6 | NA | 5.3–5.7 |
Note: D m1, time to maturity measured in the experiments (literature data); D m2, time to maturity adjusted to 17.6°C, which is the average lake temperature in 2013. For the experimental data, D m2 is calculated on the basis of D m1 using a temperature correction from the Arrhenius equation: D m2 = D m1 exp(6962.98(1/(17.6 + 273) – 1/(T c1 + 273))) where T c1 is temperature in the experiments in degrees Celsius, and 6962.98 is the ratio of the activation energy (0.6 eV) to Boltzmann's constant (8.617 × 10−5 eV K−1) expressed in kelvin (K) (based on Gillooly et al., 2002; all rows except the last one); range of D m2 is calculated from the range of D m1 which is shown either directly or as mean ± SD or mean ± SE, depending on what (if any) is provided in the original publications. For our Bosmina population, D m2 is calculated from the water temperature and body mass, either on the basis of the equation given in Gillooly et al. (2002: figure 4; first value in the last row of D m2) or on the basis of the equation for postembryonic development time (Gillooly, 2000; second value in the last row of D m2). Body mass is calculated as M = 26.6 L 3.13 where M is dry body mass in μg, L is body length in mm (Dumont et al., 1975). Body length and clutch size presented in the table serve to generally characterize animals and trophic conditions in the experiments and in our lake. Our data refer to 2013 only because in 2012 Bosmina were not accurately measured for body length.
Abbreviation: NA, data not available.
Semenova (1968).
Bhajan and Hynes (1972).
Vijverberg (1980).
Kankaala and Wulff (1981).
Urabe (1991) (data at food concentration of 0.05 mg C L−1, which most closely corresponds to the characteristics of Bosmina in the present study).