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. 2023 Jul 24;13:11906. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-38966-1

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© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Marmot plague in China and Mongolia during 1998–2015 CE. Circles show areas of plague surveillance (red indicates plague detection at a site during the study period, and gray no such detection). The green, dark blue, orange, and light blue areas represent plague foci for four species of marmots in Mongolia and China^56–58. Marmota sibirica foci (green areas) and Mamota baibacina foci (light blue areas) are partially overlapping in Mongolian Altai region. Map was generated with ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI, Inc, Version 16.0, https://desktop.arcgis.com). Boundary shapefiles of China and Mongolia from GADM data (https://gadm.org/data.html).