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. 2023 Jul 24;13:11898. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39026-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantitative comparisons of the coagulation regions between the simulations with and without the DOP model and the experiments for the low-power irradiation settings. (a) Widths, (b) depths, and (c) areas. Three independent experiments were performed for each irradiation condition. The error bars represent the standard deviation. (d) Absolute values of relative differences in coagulation width, depth, and area between the simulated and experimental results obtained with and without the DOP model.