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. 2023 Jul 24;13:11923. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39076-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Inhibitory effect of the bi-specific DuRan-Bis on SCC47 cell viability, as determined by using a cytotoxicity assay. SCC47 cells (target cells) were incubated for 48 h together with pre-activated PBMCs (effector cells) in ratios of 1:5 or 1:10 (target to effector cells) either alone (black) or in the presence of 2.5, 6.25, or 12.5 nM of bi-specific DuRan-Bis (green). For the 1:5 ratio, 12.5 nM Du (blue) or Ran (red) alone or in mixture of Du and Ran (purple) were also tested. Analysis of SCC74 cell viability was based on the green fluorescent protein (GFP) content of the cells. Values are the means of triplicate experiments; bars represent SEM. *P < 0.05 (Student’s t-test, compared with cells treated with effector cells alone).