Table 1.
Accuracy of QCBCT and CAL_CBCT images compared with QCT images for measuring BMD at various bone sites of interest.
| Group | Bone site | QCT | QCBCT | CAL_CBCT | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD (mg/cm3) | Mean ± SD (mg/cm3) | RMSE (mg/cm3) | MAE (mg/cm3) | MAPE (%) | Mean ± SD (mg/cm3) | RMSE (mg/cm3) | MAE (mg/cm3) | MAPE (%) | ||
| All | 840.41 ± 192.69 | 860.06 ± 209.88 | 83.41 | 67.94 ± 48.46* | 8.32 ± 5.99* | 379.89 ± 125.49 | 491.15 | 460.52 ± 170.92 | 54.29 ± 13.45 | |
| A | Maxilla | 842.72 ± 191.08 | 867.99 ± 223.18 | 90.43 | 72.21 ± 54.56* | 8.76 ± 6.50* | 398.40 ± 124.64 | 473.36 | 444.32 ± 163.63 | 52.27 ± 13.22 |
| Mandible | 838.11 ± 194.70 | 852.13 ± 195.88 | 75.75 | 63.66 ± 41.15* | 7.89 ± 5.41* | 361.38 ± 123.88 | 508.32 | 476.73 ± 176.82 | 56.31 ± 13.41 | |
| B | Mx-Apical | 762.13 ± 143.77 | 768.34 ± 159.92 | 82.34 | 66.06 ± 49.50* | 8.90 ± 6.72* | 328.68 ± 104.55 | 453.30 | 433.45 ± 133.62 | 56.61 ± 12.84 |
| Mx-Middle | 807.34 ± 186.40 | 825.15 ± 216.57 | 79.45 | 62.46 ± 49.45* | 7.75 ± 5.47* | 388.77 ± 111.20 | 445.52 | 418.57 ± 153.68 | 51.35 ± 11.79 | |
| Mx-Coronal | 958.68 ± 183.46 | 1010.49 ± 214.07 | 106.96 | 88.12 ± 61.06* | 9.61 ± 7.14* | 477.75 ± 111.08 | 517.91 | 480.93 ± 193.52 | 48.87 ± 13.93 | |
| C | Mn-Coronal | 910.29 ± 201.41 | 908.81 ± 208.98 | 66.95 | 58.12 ± 33.47* | 6.63 ± 3.87* | 423.46 ± 111.53 | 522.49 | 486.83 ± 191.05 | 52.34 ± 12.76 |
| Mn-Middle | 820.87 ± 180.51 | 839.34 ± 178.25 | 77.83 | 65.51 ± 42.31* | 8.15 ± 5.21* | 373.39 ± 117.95 | 474.48 | 447.49 ± 158.88 | 54.02 ± 12.47 | |
| Mn-Apical | 783.16 ± 181.63 | 808.23 ± 188.05 | 81.07 | 67.36 ± 46.56* | 8.90 ± 6.63* | 287.29 ± 102.46 | 526.35 | 495.87 ± 177.74 | 62.58 ± 12.85 | |
| D | Mx-Incisor | 857.72 ± 217.62 | 863.49 ± 242.40 | 79.41 | 65.25 ± 45.57* | 7.62 ± 4.79* | 368.75 ± 139.90 | 518.49 | 488.97 ± 173.67 | 57.04 ± 13.14 |
| Mx-Premolar | 790.93 ± 173.10 | 835.05 ± 207.82 | 95.07 | 76.44 ± 56.92* | 10.11 ± 7.49* | 368.43 ± 103.36 | 447.65 | 422.49 ± 149.00 | 52.83 ± 12.46 | |
| Mx-Molar | 879.50 ± 170.07 | 905.44 ± 215.27 | 95.87 | 74.95 ± 60.19* | 8.54 ± 6.76* | 458.01 ± 106.70 | 450.53 | 421.49 ± 160.25 | 46.95 ± 12.22 | |
| E | Mn-Incisor | 969.26 ± 216.89 | 965.32 ± 223.84 | 70.34 | 62.80 ± 31.90* | 6.79 ± 3.74* | 371.70 ± 159.45 | 630.50 | 597.55 ± 202.57 | 61.56 ± 15.36 |
| Mn-Premolar | 786.32 ± 137.42 | 807.98 ± 149.50 | 84.17 | 67.22 ± 51.00* | 8.62 ± 6.86* | 339.58 ± 100.94 | 463.91 | 446.73 ± 125.95 | 56.70 ± 11.61 | |
| Mn-Molar | 758.75 ± 149.38 | 783.08 ± 154.69 | 71.99 | 60.96 ± 38.56* | 8.27 ± 5.08* | 372.84 ± 100.68 | 403.02 | 385.91 ± 117.02 | 50.67 ± 10.64 | |
RMSE, root mean square error; MAE, mean absolute error; MAPE, mean absolute percentage error; Mx, maxilla; Mn, mandible. * Significant differences (p < 0.01) in MAE between QCBCT and CAL_CBCT images, and MAPE between QCBCT and CAL_CBCT images.