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. 2023 Jul 24;13:11956. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37767-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(a) Comparison between sample solution circuits generated by GASP and Qiskit for a 6 qubit W state. GASP produced a circuit with a depth of 22 and 59 gates, and Qiskit produced a circuit with a depth of 120 and 125 gates. Note: these are circuits before compilation on real hardware. (b) Comparison between Qiskit and GASP (99% fidelity) resultant distributions with no noise for a 6 qubit W state. The grey dashed line is the exact distribution, the orange bars are GASP, and the blue bars are Qiskit. (c) Comparison between Qiskit and GASP (99% fidelity) resultant distributions in the presence of noise for a 6 qubit W state. The noise model is that of IBM’s ibmq_guadalupe machine. 16,384 shots were used. The grey dashed line is the exact distribution without noise, the orange bars are GASP, and the blue bars are Qiskit. (d) Comparison between the Qiskit and GASP (99% fidelity) for W-states as the number of qubits varied from 2 to 10. (e) Comparison between GASP (99% fidelity) and Qiskit for W-states as the number of qubits varied from 2 to 10. Lines represent simulations with noise, crosses represent results from IBM’s ibmq_guadalupe machine. 16,384 shots were used. The noise model is that of IBM’s ibmq_guadalupe machine.