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. 2023 Jul 24;13:11932. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39141-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Active myelination detected by electron microscopy. (a) Representative electron microscopic images in the central axial sections of all groups at 12 weeks after transplantation. (b) Scatterplot of G-ratio and axon diameter in each group. Orange dots: CCN+ group; gray dots: CCN− group; blue dots: silicone+ group; green dots: auto group. Quantitative analysis of the (c) G-ratio, (d) number of myelinated axons, (e) total axon area, (f) inner diameter (ID) of myelinated axons, (g) outer diameter (OD) of myelinated axons, and (h) myelin thickness ([OD-ID]/2). *P < 0.05. Quantitative analysis of the EM in all four groups. The G-ratio, OD of myelinated axons, and myelin thickness in the CCN+ group is significantly higher than those in the CCN− and silicone+ groups, but there is no significant difference between the CCN− and silicone+ groups. These results indicate that the myelinated axons in the CCN+ group have thicker myelin than those in the CCN− and silicone+ groups and that SC-encapsulated CCN promotes remyelination of regenerated axons.