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. 2023 Jul 24;33:27. doi: 10.1038/s41533-023-00347-6

Fig. 2. Real-world studies comparing LAMA/LABA with triple therapy or LABA/ICS in patients with COPD*.

Fig. 2

*Data from Voorham et al.62, Suissa et al.64,65,68, Cabrera et al.66 and Ashdown et al.86 transformed for consistent presentation (favours non-ICS-containing therapy on left; favours ICS-containing therapy on right). †HRs are for time to first event after treatment initiation. Suissa et al.63, patients aged >55 years initiating LAMA/LABA or LABA/ICS; Voorham et al.62, patients aged >40 years with a history of smoking and no maintenance/LAMA therapy and ≥2 exacerbations in the previous year; Suissa et al.64, patients aged >55 years initiating LAMA/LABA/ICS or LAMA/LABA; Suissa et al.65, patients aged >50 years initiating LAMA/LABA/ICS or LAMA/LABA; Cabrera et al.66, patients initiating ICS vs. non-ICS-containing treatments; Quint et al.67, patients aged ≥40 years with ≥1 prescription of LAMA/LABA/ICS or LAMA/LABA; Suissa et al.68, patients aged ≥40 years initiating treatment with single-inhaler LAMA/LABA/ICS, or LAMA/LABA. CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, HR hazard ratio, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, LABA long-acting β2-agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist.