Table 2.

TDF domains: behavioral factors towards ADR reporting

TDF domain	Positive/negative influence to report ADR	Examples of factors and barriers extracted from the included articles
Knowledge	Positive	Participants were aware of the ADR reporting system used locally in their country [51]
	Negative	Patients believed that all drugs cause ADRs and assumed they would stop on cessation of therapy [44]
Skills	Positive	Patients with prior abilities and knowledge on how to report through the yellow card scheme were motivated to submit their ADR reports [57]
Social role/professional role and identity	Positive	Patients desired to have an active role in reporting ADRs [51] Others believed that it was their responsibility to prevent harm and support research. [49]
	Negative	Some patients indicated that it is not their job to report the ADRs [33]
Belief about capabilities	Positive	It was believed that reporting enhances consumers to attain self-efficacy of spontaneous reporting [33] Patients mentioned that reporting give them empowerment [45]
	Negative	Participants believed that they are not equipped to decide if an ADR had occurred [57]
Optimism	Positive	Participants wanted to help prevent others from experiencing similar ADRs [57] While others hoped to strengthen drug safety through reporting [64]
	Negative	Patients did not believe reporting will lead to improvements in the system and lacked optimism [33]
Belief about consequences	Positive	Some expressed that reporting is important to inform about the ADRs and their impact on lives [45] Reporting help in preventing harm to other people and contribute to drug safety [29]
	Negative	Some of the public do not report due to previous negative experiences after reporting such as neglect, underestimation, and denial [33]
Reinforcement	Positive	Having intolerable side effects impacting daily activities motivates patients to report [55] The need for additional medical care encourages individuals to report [59]
Intentions	Positive	Yellow card scheme offered patients welcome opportunity to voice their concerns about medicines that was not influenced by practitioners [53]
Goals	Positive	Patients report ADR because they aim to provide information about ADRs that are not in the patient information [49]
Environmental context and resources	Positive	Instructions provided by practitioners on self-reporting encourages patients to report [48]
	Negative	Some health practitioners’ attitudes do not take patients’ concerns about ADRs seriously [57]
Social influences	Positive	Patients were influenced by healthcare providers and family members to report their ADR [29]
	Negative	Patients do not report when pharmacists and doctors tell them about their side effects of their medications [60]
Emotion	Positive	Patients report because they have high concerns about ADRs [52]
	Negative	Some felt embarrassed to share their experiences with ADRs [50] Patients feel dissatisfied with how practitioners communicate ADRs [57]