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. 2023 Apr 13;45(4):857–863. doi: 10.1007/s11096-023-01568-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Recruitment, intervention, and analysis of included patients. a The additive line and the 95% confidence interval (CI); b interval analysis; c the isobolographic representation of the combination of propofol and remimazolam after administration of 0.1 µg/kg sufentanil. Filled diamond 0.75ED₅₀remimazolam + propofol, filled square 0.5ED₅₀remimazolam + propofol and filled circle 0.25ED₅₀remimazolam + propofol. The green line represents the line of simple addition. The pink and blue lines are the upper and lower 95% CI of the line of simple addition (a). Group D (0.5ED₅₀remimazolam + propofol) has a statistically significant synergic effect as the 95% CI of the drug combination is below the blue line (b). Isobolographic analysis shows that remimazolam and propofol have a clinically significant synergistic effect as the ED₅₀ curve of the drug combination is below the simple additive line (c)