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. 2023 Jun 23;58(8):751–765. doi: 10.1007/s00535-023-02005-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Associations of symptom severity and proctocolectomy with patient-reported outcomes. Data indicate SMD and their 95% confidence intervals. The fraction of variance of symptom severity explained by each outcome is shown in parentheses. The magnitude of the effect size was interpreted as: small, SMD = 0.2; medium, SMD = 0.5; and large, SMD = 0.8 [39]. Total number of patients included in the analysis were: SIBDQ (N = 1956), FACIT-F (N = 1935), HADS-D (N = 1958), HADS-A (N = 1958), WPAI-A (N = 1346), WPAI-P (N = 1346), WPAI-L (N = 1346), WPAI-I (N = 1909), and PSQI (N = 1917) (see Table 3 footnotes for breakdown by patient group). FACIT-F Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Fatigue, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (A, anxiety; D, depression), PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SIBDQ Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, SMD standardized mean difference, WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (A, absenteeism; I, impairment of activity; L, loss of productivity; P, presenteeism)