Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| HCM n = 34 |
Non-HCM patients n = 31 |
p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.5 (67.0–75.8) | 56.0 (49.0–63.5) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 17 (50) | 9 (29) | 0.13 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.5 (22.0–25.5) | 22.6 (20.5–27.3) | 0.60 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 0.46 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 17 (50) | 3 (10) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 13 (38) | 8 (26) | 0.42 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (18) | 4 (13) | 0.74 |
| Smoking | 12 (35) | 8 (26) | 0.58 |
| Family history of cardiac disease | 18 (53) | 8 (26) | 0.048 |
| Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 8 (24) | 0 (0) | 0.0052 |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | |||
| None—mild | 31 (91) | 31 (100) | 0.24 |
| Moderate | 3 (9) | 0 (0) | |
| Echocardiographic parameters | |||
| E velocity (cm/s) | 70.1 ± 23.7 | 63.8 ± 15.5 | 0.22 |
| A velocity (cm/s) | 78.6 ± 26.6 | 67.9 ± 17.3 | 0.067 |
| e′ velocity (cm/s) | 4.2 (3.4–5.2) | 6.6 (5.8–8.2) | < 0.001 |
| E/A ratio | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.47 |
| E/e′ ratio | 15.1 (10.4–20.0) | 9.2 (8.3–10.2) | < 0.001 |
| LVEDV (ml) | 64.4 ± 16.5 | 65.4 ± 17.7 | 0.81 |
| LVESV (ml) | 24.3 (14.6–27.9) | 21.8 (18.1–25.7) | 0.67 |
| LVEF (%) | 63.7 ± 8.4 | 65.7 ± 5.7 | 0.28 |
| Diastolic dysfunction grade | |||
| DD1 | 16 (47%) | ||
| DD2 | 10 (29%) | ||
| Indeterminate | 8 (24%) | ||
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, median (25th–75th percentile), or the number (%) of participants
HCM hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVESV left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LAVI left atrial volume index, DD1 Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction, DD2 Grade 2 diastolic dysfunction
*p value compared with patients with HCM and non-HCM patients