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. 2023 May 21;22(4):1395–1410. doi: 10.1007/s10237-023-01726-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Final FDK TKR model with 11 degrees of freedom and a medial and lateral contact modeled as rigid-rigid contact formulation. The lateral collateral ligament (LCL), lateral epicondylopatellar ligament (LEPL), lateral transverse ligament (LTL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), patellar ligament (PL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) were positioned according to Marra et al. (2015)