. 2023 Feb 15;19(5):1185–1213. doi: 10.1007/s12015-023-10517-1

Table 1.

Advantages and disadvantages of conditioned media versus cell transplantation [21, 23–25, 27]

Advantages	Disadvantages
+ reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease; + fast and cheap production: multiple CM from one culture; + easy storage and transport; + application procedure requires no sterile conditions: enhanced convenience of usage; + less invasive administration: requires no surgery; + prolonged shelf-life due to the absence of cells; + ready-to-use biological products as pharmaceuticals for regenerative medicine; + lower risk of tumourigenesis due to cell-free composition	- incomplete knowledge of composition and mechanism of factors; - the necessity to optimise the production in order to standardise the composition of CM; - high variability depending on cell culture, type, passage number; - different levels of factors depending on the culture condition and CM processing methods; - few clinical trials; - allergenic reactions to base medium compositions

Advantages

Disadvantages

+ reduced risk of graft-versus-host disease;

+ fast and cheap production: multiple CM from one culture;

+ easy storage and transport;

+ application procedure requires no sterile conditions: enhanced convenience of usage;

+ less invasive administration: requires no surgery;

+ prolonged shelf-life due to the absence of cells;

+ ready-to-use biological products as pharmaceuticals for regenerative medicine;

+ lower risk of tumourigenesis due to cell-free composition

- incomplete knowledge of composition and mechanism of factors;

- the necessity to optimise the production in order to standardise the composition of CM;

- high variability depending on cell culture, type, passage number;

- different levels of factors depending on the culture condition and CM processing methods;

- few clinical trials;

- allergenic reactions to base medium compositions