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. 2023 Jul 11;14:1220048. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220048

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Sperm quality from recently recovered COVID-19 patients and healthy control individuals. Assessment of semen volume (A), pH (B), sperm concentration (C), total sperm count (D), sperm total motility (E), sperm progressive motility (F), sperm viability (G), and normal sperm morphology according to the Kruger’s (H) or the WHO’s (I) criteria in semen specimens from patients recently recovered (up to 3 months after infection confirmation) from either mild (n = 199) or severe (n = 32) COVID-19 and healthy control individuals (n = 62). Semen analysis was performed at least twice in each individual. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test was used; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001.