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. 2023 Jul 11;14:1220048. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220048

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Copyright © 2023 Martinez, Ferreyra, Paira, Rivero, Olmedo, Tissera, Molina and Motrich.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Longitudinal analysis of sperm quality in COVID-19 patients before the infection and early and long after disease. Assessment of semen volume (A), pH (B), sperm concentration (C), total sperm count (D), sperm total (E) and progressive motility (F), sperm viability (G), and normal sperm morphology according to the Kruger’s (H) or the WHO’s (I) criteria in semen specimens from patients before SARS-CoV-2 infection and early and long after COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity (n = 231). Semen analysis was performed at least twice in each individual. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Friedman test (repeated measures in time) was used; *p < 0.05, and **p < 0.01.