Table 2.
Withdrawn drugs with their N2E targets and severe side effects.
| Withdrawn drug | Indication | N2E targets | Reasons for withdrawal | References (PMID) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Novobiocin | Staphylococcal infections | AKT1 | Jaundice, Hepatic failure, Blood dyscrasias | 31445927 |
| Isoxicam | Analgesia | PTGS2 | Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis | 14528522 |
| Pirprofen | Analgesia | PTGS2 | Gastrointestinal toxicity, Hepatotoxicity | 34234675 |
| Miglustat | Gaucher's disease type 1 | UGCG | Unexplained cognitive dysfunction | 16109770 |
| Mazindol | Obesity | SLC6A3 | Drug abuse, Psychiatric toxicity | 34650206 |
| Phenmetrazine | Obesity | SLC6A3 | Drug abuse, psychiatric | 34650206 |
| Pyrovalerone | Chronic fatigue syndrome | SLC6A3 | Drug abuse, Hematological toxicity | 34650206 |
| Zopiclone | Hypnosedation | GABRA2 | Carcinogenicity | 31871774 |
| Danthron | Constipation | RXRA | Carcinogenicity | 12183441 |
| Acitretin | Psoriasis | STAT3 | Teratogenicity |
17823373, 23788624 |
| Dicyclomine | Allergy, hyperemesis | CHRM1,3,4 | Psychiatric toxicity |
34521861, 11392633 |
| Thalidomide | Hyperemesis | SP1 | Teratogenicity | 10799645 |
| Gatifloxacin | Bacterial infection | AKT1 | Dysglycemia |
26554652, 32717270 |
| Sibutramine | Obesity | SLC6A3 | Stroke and Heart attack, Cardiovascular toxicity, | 34650206 |
| Ketorolac | Analgesia | PTGS2 | Renal toxicity, Hematological toxicity, Gastrointestinal toxicity, Dermatological toxicity |
19832117, 34234675, 12518182, 27713354 |
Withdrawn drugs with reasons for withdrawal (side effects) and their N2E targets.
References column contains literatures that support the relationship between phenotypic outcomes and perturbation of the N2E target, which relates the side effects to drug withdrawal.