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. 2023 Jun 20;9(2):60–69. doi: 10.1016/j.afos.2023.06.002
Level Type of Trials
1++ High quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews of RCTs, or RCTs with a very low-risk of bias
1+ Well conducted meta-analyses, systematic reviews, or RCTs with a low-risk of bias
1- Meta-analyses, systematic, or RCTs with a high-risk of bias
2++ High quality systematic reviews of case-control or cohort studies
2+ Well conducted case control or cohort studies with a low-risk of confounding or bias and a moderate probability that the relationship is causal
2- Case control or cohort studies with a high-risk of confounding or bias and a significant risk that the relationship is not casual
3 Non-analytic studies, e.g. case reports, case series
4 Expert opinion