Table 3.
Diagnostic workup utilized in the included studies.
| Diagnostic modality | Number of studies that utilize the diagnostic method, n (%) |
|---|---|
| Radiographic imaging | 16 (61.5) |
| Magnetic Resonance Imaging, n = 15 | |
| Computed Tomography, n = 3 | |
| Unspecified imaging, n = 1 | |
| Audiometry | 13 (50) |
| Electronystagmography/Videonystagmography | 11 (42.3) |
| Positional testing (e.g., Dix-Hallpike, Supine Roll Test) | 11 (42.3) |
| Oculomotor examination (nystagmus, saccades, smooth pursuit) | 8 (30.8) |
| Ear exam | 8 (30.8) |
| Functional vestibular examination (head impulse test, head shake test) | 7 (26.9) |
| Caloric exam | 7 (26.9) |
| Cranial nerve exam | 6 (23.1) |
| Romberg/Unteberger exam | 6 (23.1) |
| Gait exam | 5 (19.2) |
| Cerebellar exam (finger-to-nose, rapid alternating movements) | 5 (19.2) |
| Tympanometry | 4 (15.4) |
| Auditory brainstem response | 4 (15.4) |
| Video head impulse test | 3 (11.5) |
| Vestibular evoked myogenic potential | 3 (11.5) |
| Subjective visual vertical/horizontal | 2 (7.7) |