Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects between the CSVD and HC groups.
| CSVD (n = 64) | HC (n = 18) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69.15 ± 5.73 | 66.17 ± 5.49 | 0.052* |
| Sex (male/female) | 32/32 | 7/11 | 0.437& |
| Education years | 8.83 ± 2.43 | 8.89 ± 2.42 | 0.782# |
| Hypertension (yes/no) | 38/26 | 9/9 | 0.592& |
| Diabetes (yes/no) | 16/48 | 2/16 | 0.335& |
| NIHSS scores | 0.48 ± 0.73 | 0 | – |
| MMSE scores | 27.59 ± 2.20 | 28.67 ± 1.24 | 0.032# |
| MoCA scores | 24.52 ± 4.27 | 27.00 ± 2.09 | 0.023# |
| HAMD-17 scores | 3.48 ± 3.98 | 2.33 ± 3.24 | 0.214# |
| Plasma S100β (pg/ml) | 96.25 ± 26.03 | 71.07 ± 27.03 | 0.001* |
| Plasma MMP-9 (ng/ml) | 25.42 ± 12.04 | 21.41 ± 5.48 | 0.538# |
| Plasma NSE (ng/ml) | 49.85 ± 22.41 | 13.70 ± 9.16 | < 0.001* |
| Plasma TNF-α (pg/ml) | 8.15 ± 2.07 | 6.20 ± 1.64 | < 0.001* |
| Structural MRI features | |||
| Periventricular WMH Fazekas scores | 1.80 ± 0.67 | 0 | – |
| Deep WMH Fazekas scores | 0.89 ± 0.89 | 0 | – |
| Total WMH Fazekas scores | 2.69 ± 1.38 | 0 | – |
| Number of EPVS | 4.45 ± 5.37 | 0 | – |
| Number of CMBs | 2.84 ± 3.53 | 0 | – |
| Number of Lis | 10.41 ± 8.49 | 0 | – |
CSVD, cerebral small vessel disease; HC, healthy control; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; MMSE, Mini-mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAMD-17, 17-Item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; S100β, S100beta protein; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NSE, neuron-specific enolase; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; EPVS, enlarged perivascular spaces; CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; Lis, lacunar infarcts.
*P-values were obtained by Independent-Samples T test.
#P-values were obtained by Mann-Whitney U test.
&P-values were obtained by Chi-square test.
“-” means no statistic analysis was performed.