Table 1.
Comparison of literature on the susceptibility of HSPCs to HIV infection.
| HIV DETECTED | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cells | Infection | HIV detection | Reference | ||||
| Source | Phenotype | Activation method | HIV | In vitro/vivo | Method | Target | |
| BM | CD34+ | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors (Zaire and North America) | In vivo | PCR | env, gag | Stanley et al., 1992 (216) |
| PB | CD34+/- (BFU-E and CFU-GM colonies) |
Overnight pre-stimulation in SCF, IL-3, GM-CSF, Epo | X4-tropic HIV-1B molecular clone | In vitro | RT-PCR, ELISA |
tat, gag
p24 |
† Chelucci et al., 1995 (226) |
| BM | CD34+, CD34+CD38+, CD34+CD38-, | NA | R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 molecular clones. Uncharacterised patient virus (USA) | In vitro; in vivo | PCR, ELISA |
gag, LTR
p24 |
Shen et al., 1999 (229) |
| PB, UCB | CD34+, MNCs | Pre-cultured with SCF, GM-CSF, IL-3, Epo | R5-tropic HIV-1C molecular clones and primary HIV+ patients (Botswana) | In vitro, in vivo | RT-PCR, ELISA |
gag
p24 |
† Redd et al., 2007 (218) |
| BM, UCB | CD34+, CD133+ | NA | Uncharacterised patient virus; R5X4-tropic HIV-1B molecular clones and pseudovirus | In vitro, in vivo | Flow cytometry, qPCR |
Gag (KC57 and anti-p24 mAB), LTR |
‡ † Carter et al., 2010 (213) |
| BM, UCB | CD34+, CD133+ | Pre-stimulation in SCF, TPO, FLT3-L, IGFBP-2 | X4- and R5X4-tropic HIV-1B molecular clones and pseudotyped viruses | In vitro, in vivo | Flow cytometry | GFP, IC Gag | ‡ Carter et al., 2011 (230) |
| BM | CD133+, CD34+CD45RA-CD38- | Pre-stimulation in SCF, TPO, FLT3-L, IGFBP-2 | Pseudotyped virus | In vitro | Flow cytometry | GFP, PLAP, p24 | ‡ McNamara et al., 2012 (235) |
| BM | CD133+ | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors on ART with plasma viral loads of <48 copies/mL. | In vivo | qPCR | Gag, LTR | * McNamara et al., 2013 (236) |
| UCB, fetal liver | CD34+CD38+CD123+ (CMP), CD34+CD38+CD45RA+ (GMP) and CD34+CD38+CD110+ (MEP) | NA | Wild-type viruses were created from proviral plasmids p89.6, pYJRCSF, and pNL4-3. | In vitro | qRT-PCR | Gag, LTR | ‡ Nixon et al., 2013 (214) |
| PB, BM | Lin-CD34+ | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors (naïve and on ART) | In vivo | qPCR | LTR | * Bordoni et al., 2015 (232) |
| BM | Lin-CD34+ | NA | HIV-infected humanized mice (5 – 14 weeks post-infection) | In vivo | qPCR, Immunofluorescence |
Gag | Araínga et al., 2016 (233) |
| BM | CD34+, CD133+ | UCB-derived cells pre-cultured for 4 days | X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1B molecular clones. Uncharacterised HIV+ donors | In vitro, in vivo | Flow cytometry, PCR |
Gag, env | * Sebastian et al., 2017 (237) |
| BM | CD133+, CD34+CD133- | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors | In vivo | PCR | Gag, env | * Zaikos et al., 2018 (234) |
| BM, CB | Lin-, CD34+CD38-CD45RA-Lin-, Lin-CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90-, CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+, CD34+CD38+ | NA | X4-tropic pseudotyped GFP reporter viruses, X4- and R5-tropic HIV-1B molecular clones. Uncharacterised HIV+ donors, one donor with confirmed HIV-1B infection | In vitro; in vivo | Flow cytometry, qPCR | GFP, p24, HIV-1 R-U5/gag |
* Renelt et al., 2022 (222) |
| HIV NOT DETECTED | |||||||
| Cells | Infection | HIV detection | Reference | ||||
| Source | Phenotype | Activation method | Virus | In vitro/vivo | Method | Target | |
| BM | Colony-forming cells from T-cell and adherent BM cell-depleted BM fractions | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors (North America); HIV-1B and HIV-2A (isolate ROD) | In vivo; in vitro | PCR | Gag | Molina et al., 1990 (223) |
| BM | CD34+ | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors (North America) | In vivo | PCR | Env, gag | Davis et al., 1991 (224) |
| BM | CD34+ | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors (France) | In vivo | PCR, Flow cytometry |
gag
p24, gp120 |
Louache et al., 1992 (225) |
| PB | CD34+/- (CFU-GEMM) |
Overnight pre-stimulation in SCF, IL-3, GM-CSF, Epo | X4-tropic HIV-1B molecular clone | In vitro | RT-PCR, ELISA |
Tat, gag
p24 |
Chelucci et al., 1995 (226) |
| BM | CD34+, CD34-, MNCs | NA | Uncharacterised HIV-1+ donors (USA) on ART with no AIDS-defining illness | In vivo | PCR | Gag, pol | Neal et al., 1995 (217) |
| BM | CD34+CD38-; CD34+CD4+ | NA | Uncharacterised HIV+ donors (France) | In vivo | PCR | gag | Marandin et al., 1996 (227) |
| BM | CD34+CD38-; CD34+CD38+ | NA | R5 and R5X4-tropic HIV-1 and R5X4 HIV-2 molecular clones | In vitro | PCR, ELISA |
gag
p24 |
Weichold et al., 1998 (228) |
| BM | G0 CD34+ | 7-day pre-culture | R5- and X4-tropic HIV-1 molecular clones. Uncharacterised patient virus (USA) | In vitro; in vivo | PCR, ELISA |
gag, LTR
p24 |
Shen et al., 1999 (229) |
| PB, UCB | CD34+, MNCs | Pre-cultured with SCF, GM-CSF, IL-3, Epo | R5-tropic HIV- 1B molecular clones and primary HIV (USA) | In vitro; in vivo | RT-PCR, p24 ELISA |
gag | Redd et al., 2007 (218) |
| BM, UCB | CD34+, CD133+ | Pre-stimulation in SCF, TPO, FLT3-L, IGFBP-2 | R5- tropic HIV-1B molecular clones; pseudotyped viruses; HIV+ donors | In vitro, in vivo | Flow cytometry | GFP, IC Gag | Carter et al., 2011 (230) |
| BM | CD34+ | Pre-cultured with SCF, TPO, FLT3-L and GM-CSF and TNF-α, or PMA | HIV+ donors (Patients on ART and VL <50 copies/mL) | In vivo | PCR | gag | Durand et al., 2012 (219) |
| BM | Lin-CD34+, Lin-CD34- |
NA | HIV-1B+ donors (Patients on ART and VL <45-70 copies/mL) | In vivo | PCR | Target not specified | Josefsson et al., 2012 (220) |
| UCB | CD34+ | 24 hr pre-stimulation with TPO, SCF, and FLT3-L | VSV-G-pseudotyped virus with a modified pNL4.3 HIV-1-based core including an mCherry ORF | In vitro | Flow cytometry, qPCR |
mCherry | Griffin & Goff, 2015 (221) |
| BM | Lin-CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90-, CD34+CD38-CD45RA-CD90+ | NA | R5-tropic pseudotyped GFP reporter viruses | In vitro | Flow cytometry | GFP | Renelt et al., 2022 (222) |
BM, bone marrow; PB, peripheral blood; UCB, umbilical cord blood; BFU-E, burst-forming unit erythroid; CFU-GM, colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage; CMP, common myeloid progenitor; GMP, granulocyte-macrophage progenitor; MEP, megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor; CFU-GEMM, colony-forming unit granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte; SCF, stem cell factor; IL-3, interleukin-3; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Epo, erythropoietin; IGFBP-2, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2; TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor alpha; PMA, phorbol myristate acetate; FLT3-L, fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 ligand; TPO, thrombopoietin; R5, C-C-motif chemokine receptor type 5; X4, C-X-C,motif chemokine receptor type 4; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RT-qPCR, real-time qPCR; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; IC, intracellular; GFP, green fluorescent protein.
*T-cell contamination was robustly excluded from analysis (<1% T-cells).
‡T-cell contamination unlikely due to single-cell HIV-detection by flow cytometry.
†T-cell contamination unlikely due to culture conditions (CFU assays).