Table 1.
E3 ligases in bladder cancer tumorigenesis.
| E3 | Function | Substrate | Pathway | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RNF126 | Promoting/oncogene | PTEN | PI3K/AKT | (38, 39) |
| RNF144A | Promoting/oncogene | PD-L1 | (40, 41) | |
| NEDD4 | Promoting/oncogene | PD-L1 | (16, 42) | |
| KLF8 | microRNA-132/NRF2 | (43, 44) | ||
| PTEN | (42) | |||
| RBX1 | Promoting/oncogene | p-IκBα | NF-κB | (45) |
| DEPTOR | mTOR | (46) | ||
| SUFU | RBX1-SUFU-GLI2 | (47) | ||
| cIAP2 | DNA damage response | MRE11 | (48, 49) | |
| FBW7 | Tumor suppressor | ZMYND8 | (50) | |
| RhoGDIα | p65/PTEN/FBW7/RhoGDIα | (51) | ||
| TRAF4 | Promoting/oncogene | BMP/SMAD | (21) | |
| TRIM21 | Promoting/oncogene | ZHX3 | (52) | |
| TRIM65 | Promoting/oncogene | ANXA2 | (53) | |
| TRIM25 | Promoting/oncogene | RBPJ | Notch1 | (54) |
| TRIM26 | Promoting/oncogene | AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin | (55) | |
| CUL4B | Promoting/oncogene | H2AK119 | CUL4B/miR-372/373/PIK3CA/AKT | (56) |
| TRIM38 | Promoting/oncogene | GLUT1 | (57) | |
| RFWD3,HUWE1 MDM2,DTL | Promoting/oncogene | (58–61) |