Table 1:
Characteristics of interventions and study participants (n=16)
| Intervention name | Author (year) | Setting | Location | Sample size | Study year | Risk of Bias3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alternative Prescriber (n=8) | |||||||
| Pharmacist (n=4) | |||||||
| Community Pharmacy-Initiated PrEP program42 | Lopez (2020) | Community pharmacy | San Francisco, CA | 53 patients | Apr 2018 – Mar 2019 | High | |
| One-Step PrEP70 | Tung (2018) | Community pharmacy | Seattle, WA | 695 patients | Mar 2015 – Feb 2018 | Low | |
| Pharmacist-Led PrEP Program (P-PrEP)44 | Havens (2019) | University-based clinic, community pharmacy, community-based clinic | Omaha, NE | 60 patients | Jan – Jun 2017 | Low | |
| Pharmacist-Led, Same-Day, PrEP Initiation Program43, 1, 2 | Khosropour (2020) | University-based clinic | Jackson, MS | 69 patients | Nov 2018 – May 2019 | High | |
| Nurse [non-US-based] (n=3) | |||||||
| Expanded PrEP Implementation in Communities in New South Wales (EPIC-NSW)45 | Schmidt (2018) | Community-based clinic | Australia | More than 8,000 participants | Mar 2016 – Dec 2017 | High | |
| PrEP Implementation for Young Women and Adolescents (PrIYA)46, 1 | Kinuthia (2020) | Maternal and child health clinic | Kenya | 9376 women | Nov 2017 – Aug 2018 | Low | |
| PrEP-Registered Nurse (RN)40 | O’Byrne (2021) | Community-based clinic | Ottawa, Canada | 347 patients | Aug 2018 –Mar 2020 | Low | |
| Non-medical care provider (n=1) | |||||||
| Princess PrEP Program47 | Phanuphak (2018) | Community-based clinic | Thailand | 1467 MSM, 230 TGW | Jan 2016 – Dec 2017 | Low | |
| Alternative Setting for Care (n=4) | |||||||
| Telehealth (n=4) | |||||||
| PrEP for 50 Women Involved in Criminal Justice Systems (WICJ) and Risk Network (RN) Members50 | Meyer (2022) | Home | New England, USA | 38 WICJ, 67 RN members | Dec 2017 – May 2019 | Low | |
| PrEPTECH48 | Refugio (2019) | Home | San Francisco, CA | 25 YMSM (18-25) | Nov 2016 – May 2017 | Low | |
| TelePrEP in South Carolina51 | Player (2022) | Home | North Charleston, SC | 20 patients | Sep 2018 – Jun 2019 | Low | |
| Telehealth in WA49 | Stekler (2018) | Community-based clinic | Seattle, WA | 48 MSM/TGW | Jul 2016 – Mar 2017 | High | |
| Alternative Setting for Lab Screening(n=1) | |||||||
| Mail-in test (n=1) | |||||||
| PrEP@Home52 | Siegler (2019) | Home | San Francisco CA, St. Louis, MO, Boston, MA | 58 MSM | Not reported | Low | |
| Combination of Alternative Prescribers and Setting for Care with or without Laboratory Screenings (n=3) | |||||||
| Pharmacist Prescriber Plus Telehealth with or without mail-in test(n=3) | |||||||
| A PrEP Model Incorporating Clinical Pharmacist Encounters and Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP)53 | Gauthier (2019) | VA-based clinic | Miami, FL | 79 patients | Jun 2013 – Feb 2018 | High | |
| Iowa Telehealth | Without mail-in HIV test41 | Hoth (2019) | Home or other private community setting | Iowa | 127 clients | Feb 2017 – Oct 2018 | Low |
| With mail-in HIV test15 | Chasco (2021) | 77 clients | JUL 2018 – May 2019 | Low | |||
MSM: men who have sex with men, PEP: post-exposure prophylaxis, RN: risk network members of WICJ; TGW: transgender women, VA: veterans affairs, WICJ: women involved in criminal justice systems YMSM: young men who have sex with men
1
Same-day PrEP
2
Assessment done by clinicians
3
Risk of Bias was assessed by using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for observational studies. A total score of 5 was possible, with ≥ 3 considered as “low risk of bias.”