Table 1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants With Dietary Information in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys, 2012 to 2018.
| Characteristic | 24-hr Recall | FFQ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | P value 2012 vs 2016 | No. (%) | P value 2012 vs 2016 | P value 2012 vs 2018 | ||||
| 2012 (n = 10 096 ) | 2016 (n = 4134) | 2012 (n = 7143) | 2016 (n = 14 840 ) | 2018 (n = 30 027 ) | ||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 4899 (49.5) | 1870 (48.7) | .68 | 3343 (49.2) | 6277 (49.3) | 14 377 (46.3) | .97 | .009 |
| Female | 5197 (50.5) | 2264 (51.3) | 3800 (50.8) | 8563 (50.7) | 15 650 (53.7) | |||
| Age group | ||||||||
| Children (1-4 y) | 2113 (7.6) | 502 (8.0) | .18 | 1210 (7.7) | 1590 (8.4) | 3067 (6.6) | .07 | <.001 |
| School-aged children (5-11 y) | 2753 (16.1) | 1095 (15.1) | 1322 (14.6) | 3092 (15.5) | 5990 (12.8) | |||
| Adolescents (12-19 y) | 2056 (14.5) | 1241 (17.4) | 1993 (18.8) | 2400 (16.4) | 5181 (14.9) | |||
| Adults (20-39 y) | 1188 (27.3) | 505 (25.7) | 1130 (26.5) | 3023 (28.4) | 6091 (25.4) | |||
| Adults (40-59 y) | 969 (22.7) | 499 (23.5) | 962 (20.5) | 2842 (20.2) | 5854 (24.7) | |||
| Adults (≥60 y) | 1017 (11.8) | 292 (10.2) | 526 (11.8) | 1893 (11.1) | 3844 (15.5) | |||
| Area | ||||||||
| Urban | 6312 (73.0) | 1948 (74.6) | .42 | 4606 (74.9) | 7131 (74.2) | 19 575 (77.1) | .69 | .10 |
| Rural | 3784 (27.0) | 2186 (25.4) | 2537 (25.1) | 7709 (25.8) | 10 452 (22.9) | |||
| Region | ||||||||
| North | 2402 (19.8) | 901 (19.5) | .91 | 1677 (19.9) | 3225 (19.5) | 6497 (20.4) | .95 | .90 |
| Center | 4186 (48.6) | 1751 (49.7) | 2981 (48.9) | 6526 (49.6) | 12 213 (48.3) | |||
| South | 3508 (31.6) | 1482 (30.8) | 2485 (31.2) | 5089 (30.9) | 11 317 (31.3) | |||
| Socioeconomic status | ||||||||
| Low | 3679 (30.4) | 1429 (21.6) | <.001 | 2568 (28.1) | 5106 (22.4) | 8022 (21.5) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Medium | 3544 (32.0) | 1491 (30.3) | 2395 (32.2) | 5988 (38.5) | 9937 (30.4) | |||
| High | 2873 (37.6) | 1214 (48.2) | 2180 (39.7) | 3746 (39.1) | 12 068 (48.1) | |||
| Education levela | ||||||||
| Preschool or less | 943 (8.7) | 344 (6.7) | <.001 | 589 (8.1) | 1477 (6.9) | 1917 (6.0) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Elementary | 4089 (36.9) | 1490 (28.2) | 2904 (37.8) | 5294 (29.9) | 9067 (27.8) | |||
| Secondary | 2761 (26.1) | 1378 (31.4) | 1967 (27.0) | 4768 (30.2) | 9348 (28.5) | |||
| High school | 1513 (18.0) | 684 (20.1) | 1126 (16.8) | 2349 (20.1) | 5993 (23.1) | |||
| Bachelor/professional or higher | 760 (10.2) | 238 (13.7) | 557 (10.3) | 952 (12.9) | 3702 (14.7) | |||
| State-level GDP, mean (SE), MXN/per capita | 130 328 (1575) | 138 963 (4940) | .11 | 129 566 (1316) | 138 055 (3655) | 140 745 (1114) | .004 | <.001 |
| State-level unemployment, mean (SE), % | 4.8 (0.02) | 4.0 (0.05) | <.001 | 4.9 (0.03) | 4.0 (0.05) | 3.4 (0.01) | <.001 | <.001 |
Abbreviations: FFQ, Food Frequency Questionnaire; GDP, gross domestic product; MXN, Mexican pesos.
a
In the case of participants aged 19 years or younger, education level is from the head of household.