Table 3.
Lower Extremity: Blind vs. Guided Success.
| Lower Extremity | Author | Joint | Blind Success Rate | Image Guided Success | Imaging Used | Systematic Review Article? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hip | Leopold [42] | Anterior | 60% | - | ||
| Leopold [42] | Posterior | 80% | - | |||
| Yiannakopoulos [43] | 94.30% | - | ||||
| Hoeber [46] | 72% | 100% | Ultrasound | yes | ||
| Smith [47] | - | 97% | Ultrasound | yes | ||
| Balog [44] | - | 96% | ||||
| Knee | Maricar [50] | SMP | 82% | - | yes | |
| Maricar [50] | AMJL | 74% | - | yes | ||
| Maricar [50] | MMP | 64% | - | yes | ||
| Maricar [50] | SLP | 87% | - | yes | ||
| Maricar [50] | LMP | 84% | - | yes | ||
| Maricar [50] | LSB | 83% | - | yes | ||
| Maricar [50] | ALJL | 70% | - | yes | ||
| Maricar [50] | SMP | - | 100% | Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy | yes | |
| Maricar [50] | MMP | 86% | Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy | yes | ||
| Fang [53] | 77.3–95.74% | >95% | Ultrasound | yes | ||
| Hermans [54] | Superolateral | 91% | - | yes | ||
| Jackson [55] | 93% | - | ||||
| Ankle | Jones [17] | 66.70% | - | |||
| Lopes [23] | 77% | - | ||||
| Ramesh [58] | 63% | - | ||||
| Heidari [59] | Anteromedial | 77% | - | |||
| Heidari [59] | Anterolateral | 86.20% | - | |||
| Muhammad [60] | 93% | - | ||||
| Cunnington [26] | 58% | 85% | Ultrasound | |||
| Reach [61] | - | 100% | Ultrasound | |||
| Kholsla [57] | 100% | 100% | Ultrasound | |||
| Hindfoot | Kraus [66] | Subtalar anterolateral | 67.60% | - | ||
| Kraus [66] | Subtalar posterolateral | 91.20% | - | |||
| Muhammad [60] | Subtalar | 67% | - | |||
| Kirk [67] | Posterior subtalar | 97% | - | |||
| Wisniewski [62] | Subtalar | 58% | 83% | Ultrasound | ||
| Khosla [57] | Subtalar | 100% | 100% | Ultrasound | ||
| Smith [64] | Subtalar | - | 100% | Ultrasound | ||
| Reach [61] | Subtalar | - | 90% | Ultrasound | ||
| Jha [68] | Talonavicular | 0% | 100% | Ultrasound | ||
| Reach [61] | Talonavicular | 50% | - | |||
| Reach [61] | Calcaneocuboid | 60% | - | |||
| Midfoot | Muhammad [60] | Naviculocuneiform | 33% | - | ||
| Muhammad [60] | Tarsometatarsal | 50% | - | |||
| Khosla [57] | First tarsometatarsal | 27.30% | 71.4% | Ultrasound | ||
| Khosla [57] | First tarsometatarsal | 27.30% | 85.7% | Fluoroscopy | ||
| Khosla [57] | Second tarsometatarsal | 28.60% | 57.14% & 92.8% | Ultrasound | ||
| Khosla [57] | Second tarsometatarsal | 28.60% | 57.14% & 92.8% | Fluoroscopy | ||
| Forefoot | Muhammad [60] | First MTP | 75% | - | ||
| Muhammad [60] | Lesser MTPs | 63% | - | |||
| Muhammad [60] | First interphalangeal | 67% | - | |||
| Reach [61] | First and second MTP | - | 100% | Ultrasound | ||
| Wempe [71] | First MTP | - | 100% | Ultrasound |