Table 4.
Sleep duration and stroke mortality—prospective studies.
| Study | Sample Size | Sleep Duration (Hours/Day) | Long Sleeper % | Follow-Up Duration (Years) | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Country | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long | Short | Long | Short | |||||
| 2013, Kakizaki [68] | 49,256 | ≥10 | ≤6 | 7.9% | 10.8 | 1.51 (1.24–1.85) | 1.05 (0.84–1.30) | Japan |
| 2013, Kim [17] | 135,685 | ≥9 | ≤5 | 8.3% | 12.9 | 1.35 (1.03–1.75) | 1.02 (0.74–1.40) | US |
| 2015, Cai [18] | 113,138 | ≥10 | ≤5 | 3.8% | 7.1 | 2.35 (1.78–3.09) | 0.91 (0.70–1.18) | China |
| 2016, Kawachi [69] | 27,896 | ≥9 | ≤6 | 9% | 16 | 1.51 (1.16–1.97) | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) | Japan |
| 2014, Pan [67] | 63,257 | ≥9 | ≤5 | 7% | 14.7 | 1.54 (1.28–1.85) | 1.25 (1.05–1.50) | Singapore |
| 2009, Ikehara [70] | 110,792 | ≥10 | ≤4 | 4% | 14.3 | 1.66 (1.31–2.08) | 1.56 (0.82–2.94) | Japan |
| 2023, Zhou [71] | 27,254 | ≥9 | ≤5 | 10.2% | 14.3 | 1.37 (1.07–1.75) | 1.27 (1.01–1.59) | China |