Fig. 1. A) Quaternary structure of Rhodotorula gracilisd-amino acid oxidase dimer with d-alanine in active site (enzyme monomers: light and dark blue, FAD: yellow, d-ALA, orange) PDB: 1c0p. B) Oxidation reaction catalyzed by d-amino acid oxidase. C) Scheme of the yeast cell encapsulation method. The addition of PEG (blue circle) increases the viscosity and enables encapsulation of enzymes with lower turnover number.
