Table 2.
Type of Disease | Expression Pattern | Tissue | Cell Lines | Targets | Function | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
prediabetes/ type 2 diabetes |
up | adipose | 3T3-L1 | GDF3 | Induce lipotoxicity and insulin resistance | [69] |
diabetic vascular disease | up | vascular endothelium, endothelial progenitor cells, cardiomyocytes |
HAEC, H9C2 |
VEZF1
SRF1 IGF1 |
Induce apoptosis in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells |
[20,70,71,72] |
cardiovascular disease, hypertension, aortic valve calcification |
down | serum, heart/aortic valve endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes |
TGF-β
CTGF ACE1 ET1 UBE2C CDK9 |
Inhibit apoptosis, Protects endothelial function against inflammation | [73,74,75] |