Table 3.

Results of the multinomial regression analyses. The odds ratio and 95% of the confidence interval are presented. Model-specific pseudo R² values are reported.

Variables	Subacute Tinnitus	Acute Tinnitus	Chronic Tinnitus	Any Tinnitus
Pseudo R-square (Cox and Snell)	0.04	0.10	0.16	0.05
Age (covariate)	0.96 (0.92–1.01)	0.97 (0.93–0.99) *	1.02 (0.96–1.08)	0.97 (0.93–1.00)
Sex
Male	1.23 (0.98–1.58)	1.37 (0.89–2.09)	2.26 (1.58–3.24) **	1.37 (1.08–1.73) *
Female	1	1	1	1
Ethnicity
Europeans	1.10 (0.87–1.38)	0.81 (0.54–1.21)	1.58 (1.07–2.34) *	1.11 (0.89–1.39)
Non-Europeans	1	1	1	1
Reoccurring ear infections
Yes	1.40 (1.11–1.77) *	1.66 (1.11–2.47) *	2.28 (1.61–3.23) **	1.53 (1.22–1.91) **
No	1	1	1	1
Any health condition
Present	1.11 (0.85–1.45)	1.94 (1.28–2.95) *	1.58 (1.08–2.32) *	1.25 (0.97–1.61)
Absent	1	1	1	1
Noise exposure
Always	2.72 (1.15–6.44) *	12.86 (4.69–35.24) ***	8.22 (2.95–22.89) **	4.10 (1.82–9.25) **
Most of the time	3.91 (2.26–6.74) ***	6.10 (2.77–13.49) ***	10.9 (5.53–21.5) ***	4.75 (2.80–8.06) ***
About half the time	1.75 (1.14–2.68) *	5.71 (3.12–10.46) ***	4.87 (2.71–8.76) ***	2.38 (1.59–3.55) **
Sometimes	1.90 (1.52–2.36) ***	2.43 (1.58–3.75) **	3.51 (2.40–5.14) ***	2.09 (1.70–2.59) ***
Never	1	1	1	1
COVID-19
Yes	0.95 (0.75–1.20)	0.81 (0.52–1.27)	0.73 (0.49–1.09)	0.91 (0.72–1.14)
No	1	1	1	1

* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 10⁻⁵.