Table 3.

Individual patient-level data meta-analysis: Subgroup analysis for hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, mortality and HBsAg seroclerance in CHB patients with and without concomitant FLD

Clinical outcomes		5-year cumulative incidence			10-year cumulative incidence
		Non-fatty liver	Fatty liver	P-value	Non-fatty liver	Fatty liver	P-value
Subgroup analysis for HCC
Age
	Age ≤45	24 (1.2)	6 (0.6)	0.13	41 (2.3)	14 (1.6)	0.24
	Age >45	154 (7.7)	44 (4.7)	0.0009	219 (12.2)	72 (9.0)	0.005
Sex
	Female	39 (2.3)	7 (1.4)	0.25	53 (3.3)	12 (2.9)	0.55
	Male	139 (6.0)	41 (2.9)	<0.0001	205 (9.9)	72 (5.7)	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
	No	112 (3.1)	37 (2.3)	0.04	173 (5.3)	64 (4.4)	0.13
	Yes	35 (17.9)	11 (7.8)	0.005	44 (27.4)	18 (17.3)	0.01
Baseline cirrhosis
	No	120 (3.2)	39 (2.1)	0.009	180 (5.2)	72 (4.5)	0.13
	Yes	58 (25.4)	11 (19.1)	0.28	80 (50.4)	14 (28.6)	0.06
HBeAg
	Negative	130 (4.2)	34 (2.4)	0.002	183 (6.3)	51 (4.0)	0.002
	Positive	44 (5.4)	13 (3.0)	0.02	72 (10.3)	31 (8.8)	0.14
Antiviral treatment
	Untreated	93 (3.4)	25 (1.9)	0.003	151 (6.0)	45 (3.6)	0.001
	Treated	85 (6.6)	25 (4.4)	0.04	109 (9.7)	41 (10.9)	0.52
Subgroup analysis for cirrhosis
Age
	Age ≤45	89 (4.4)	30 (3.0)	0.07	139 (7.6)	54 (6.3)	0.15
	Age >45	276 (14.4)	60 (6.6)	<0.0001	360 (20.2)	104 (13.7)	<0.0001
Sex
	Female	85 (5.0)	16 (3.3)	0.12	120 (7.6)	22 (5.1)	0.09
	Male	280 (12.5)	74 (5.2)	<0.0001	379 (18.4)	136 (11.2)	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
	No	249 (7.1)	64 (4.0)	<0.0001	356 (11.0)	119 (8.5)	0.001
	Yes	44 (25.5)	18 (13.3)	0.008	50 (32.6)	26 (26.3)	0.04
HBeAg
	Negative	259 (8.5)	58 (4.1)	<0.0001	350 (12.2)	98 (8.0)	<0.0001
	Positive	100 (12.5)	28 (6.4)	0.0004	142 (20.5)	56 (16.1)	0.01
Antiviral treatment
	Untreated	247 (9.2)	64 (4.7)	<0.0001	336 (13.1)	106 (8.4)	<0.0001
	Treated	118 (9.4)	26 (4.8)	0.0005	163 (15.4)	52 (18.4)	0.13
Subgroup analysis for mortality
Age
	Age ≤45	54 (1.3)	17 (0.9)	0.21	58 (1.5)	19 (1.1)	0.21
	Age >45	200 (5.3)	38 (1.7)	<0.0001	231 (7.0)	44 (2.3)	<0.0001
Sex
	Female	52 (1.9)	18 (2.2)	0.84	60 (2.5)	20 (2.8)	0.84
	Male	201 (3.9)	37 (1.2)	<0.0001	228 (4.9)	42 (1.4)	<0.0001
Diabetes mellitus
	No	89 (1.3)	16 (0.5)	0.0001	106 (1.7)	20 (0.7)	<0.0001
	Yes	23 (6.4)	8 (1.7)	0.01	29 (12.4)	10 (3.7)	0.002
Baseline cirrhosis
	No	177 (2.4)	51 (1.3)	0.0001	199 (2.9)	57 (1.5)	<0.0001
	Yes	77 (17.6)	4 (6.2)	<0.0001	90 (29.7)	6 (12.8)	<0.0001
HBeAg
	Negative	213 (3.9)	44 (1.6)	<0.0001	241 (4.8)	50 (2.1)	<0.0001
	Positive	38 (2.7)	9 (1.5)	0.08	45 (3.8)	11 (2.0)	0.04
Antiviral treatment
	Untreated	67 (1.2)	4 (0.2)	<0.0001	88 (1.9)	7 (0.3)	<0.0001
	Treated	187 (8.6)	51 (4.4)	<0.0001	201 (10.0)	56 (5.7)	<0.0001
Subgroup analysis for HBsAg seroclerance
Age
	Age ≤45	89 (4.9)	54 (5.4)	0.59	159 (10.0)	113 (13.0)	0.04
	Age >45	112 (6.4)	80 (8.8)	0.02	193 (13.7)	158 (21.4)	<0.0001
Sex
	Female	78 (5.7)	27 (5.9)	0.86	107 (8.6)	54 (15.0)	0.005
	Male	123 (5.6)	107 (7.4)	0.03	245 (13.7)	217 (17.4)	0.005
Diabetes mellitus
	No	186 (5.9)	120 (7.3)	0.06	332 (12.1)	253 (17.7)	<0.0001
	Yes	5 (3.0)	8 (6.3)	0.14	9 (9.8)	12 (13.6)	0.23
Baseline cirrhosis
	No	195 (5.8)	134 (7.2)	0.05	340 (11.7)	271 (17.1)	<0.0001
	Yes	6 (3.7)	0 (0.0)	0.23	12 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	0.06
HBeAg
	Negative	169 (6.3)	105 (7.7)	0.09	294 (12.7)	224 (19.0)	<0.0001
	Positive	13 (1.7)	7 (1.6)	0.91	20 (3.2)	9 (2.3)	0.52
Antiviral treatment
	Untreated	151 (6.1)	116 (8.3)	0.007	278 (12.5)	248 (19.2)	<0.0001
	Treated	50 (4.5)	18 (3.5)	0.28	74 (9.0)	23 (5.7)	0.11

Expressed as number of events (annual rate per 1000 person-years) for annual rate and as number (%) for 5- and 10-year incidence.

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; FLD, fatty liver disease.