Table 1.
Main preoperative results and outcome of chandelier-assisted scleral-buckling-related articles.
| Author, Year | Study Design | Eyes, N. | Preop BCVA (Mean ± SD) logMAR † | Postop BCVA (Mean ± SD) logMAR † | Technique | Operative Time (min) | Reattachment Rate N, (%) | Complications N. Eyes (%) | Final Follow-up, Months (M) or Days (D) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aras et al. (2012) [17] | Prospective study | 16 | 0.2 ± NA | 0.5 ± NA | 25 G trans-scleral fiber-optic-assisted SB with a torpedo-style light source noncontact WAVS | NA | 13 (81.3) | - GP, 1 (6.25) - rRD, 2 (12.5) - Vitreous prolapse at the chandelier insertion site, 4 (25) |
13.4 M |
| Kita et al. (2013) [18] | Case Report | 1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS | NA | 1 (100) | None | 6 M |
| Nam et al. (2013) [19] | Surgical Technique/Case Series | 12 | NA | NA | 25 G CSB and a WAVS contact lens | NA | NA | None | NA |
| Nagpal et al. (2013) [20] | Prospective study | 10 | 1.3 ± NA | 0.48 ± NA | 25 G CSB with contact WAVS | NA | 9 (90) | rRD, 1 (10) | 6 M |
| Gogia et al. (2014) [21] | Prospective study | 25 | 1.77 ± 0.28 | 1.09 ± 0.46 | 25 G CSB with contact WAVS | NA | 22/23 (95.6) | PPV performed where break was not localized intraoperatively, 2 (8) (no suture?) | 24 M |
| Yokoyama et al. (2017) [22] | Case Series | 3 | for single case Case 1: 0.3 Case 2: 0.2 Case 3: 0.2 |
for single case Case 1: 0.4 Case 2: 0.8 Case 3: 0.6 |
27 G twin CSB with contact/noncontact WAVS | NA | 3(100) | None | NA |
| Narayanan et al. (2016) [23] ** | Retrospective study | CSB group: 14 ** |
0.9 ± NA | 0.6 ± NA | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS and Standard SB | 77.85 ± 16.37 | 13 (92.8) | - Increase in IOP, 1 (7.1) - Vitreous prolapse at the chandelier insertion site, 3 (21,4) - PPV for rRD, 1 (7.1) |
186.85 ± 115.63 D(range: 1–11 M) |
| Imai et al. (2015) [24] | Retrospective study | 79 | 0.31 ± 0.65 | 0.10 ± 0.31 | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS | 100.3 ± 31.3 | 96.2 * | - CH, 5 (6.3) - New retinal break, 1 (1.3) - Lens touch by the chandelier, 1 (1.3) - rRD, 6 (7.6) - Secondary glaucoma, 1 (1.3) - Cataract, 1 (1.3) |
11.8 ± 6.9 M |
| Seider et al. (2015) [25,26] | Retrospective study | 12 | 0.2 ± NA | 0.1 ± NA | 25 G CSB (11 eyes) and 29 G CSB (1 eye) with contact or noncontact WAVS |
117.9 (46–149) | 12 (100) | - Cataract, 2 (16.7) | 234.6 (90–455) D |
| Tomita et al. (2015) [27] ** | Retrospective study | WAVS group: 16 ** |
0.01 ± 0.24 | 0.04 ± 0.08 | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS and standard SB | 107 ± 41 | WAVS group: 15 (93.8) |
- ERM, 1 (6.3) - Corneal epithelial disorder, 1 (6.3) |
10.4 M |
| Haug et al. (2016) [28] | Surgical Technique/Case series | 7 | NA | NA | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS | NA | 6 (85.7) | - PPV for rRD, 1 (14.3) | 6 M |
| Hu et al. (2017) [14] | Prospective study | 61 | NA | NA | 25 G CSB with contact WAVS | NA | 57 (93.4) | - SH: 2 (3.3) - rRD, 4 (6.6) |
6–27 M |
| Jo et al. (2017) [29] | Retrospective study | 17 | 0.23 ± 0.28 | 0.20 ± 0.25 | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS | 76.8 ± 16.1 | 16 (94.1) | - Vitreous prolapse at the chandelier insertion site, 1 (5.9) - Increased IOP, 4 (23.5) - Herpes simplex epithelial keratitis, 1 (5.9) - PPV for rRD, 1 (5.9) |
7.3 ± 3.1 M range (3–12 M) |
| Assi et al. (2018) [30] | Prospective study | 23 | 1.03 ± 0.83 | 0.40 ± 0.47 | 23 G endoilluminator probe with noncontact WAVS |
NA | 20 (87) | - PVR, 2 (8.7) - Extension of the buckle for new breaks, 1 (4.3) |
12 M |
| Caporossi et al. (2019) [31] | Surgical Technique/Case Series | 28 | 0.8 ± 0.88 | 0.22 ± 0.25 | 27 G CSB with noncontact WAVS | NA | 27 (96.4) | - PVR, 1 (3.6) | 6.4 M |
| Nam et al. (2021) [32] | Case Report | 1 | NA | NA | 27 G endoilluminator probe with contact WAVS | NA | 1 (100) | None | 1 M |
| Cohen et al. (2019) [33] ** | Retrospective study | 22 | 0.5 ± NA | 0.25 ± 0.30 | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS and Standard SB | NA | 18 (81.8) | - Cataract, 2, (12.5) | 6 M |
| Nossair et al. (2019) [34] | Retrospective study | 21 | 1.28 ± 0.41 | 0.7 ± 0.30 | 25 G CSB with contact WAVS | NA | 19 (90.48) | - Vitreous prolapse at chandelier insertion site, 4 (19.05) - Localized SH at drainage site 1 (4.76) - Choroidal detachment, 1 (4.76) - Elevated IOP, 2 (9.52) - ERM, 1 (4.76) - PVR, 3 (14.29) - rRD, 2 (9.52%) |
24 M |
| Kita et al. (2019) [35] | Retrospective study | 18 | 0.28 ± 0.36 | 0.07 ± 0.11 | 3D, 27 G chandelier SB with contact/noncontact WAVS | NA | 18 (100) | - Diplopia, 1 (5.55) | 11.3 M |
| Frisina et al. (2019) [36] | Retrospective study | 213 | 0.46 ± 0.76 | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 25 G 27 G 29 G CSB with noncontact WAVS | 75.5 ± 42 | 207 (97.19) | - rRD 6 (2.81) secondary to PVR (3 eyes) and to a new retinal break (3 eyes) - Persistent VH2 (0.93) - MH 1 (0.46) |
3 M |
| Yannuzzi et al. (2020) [37] | Case series | 3 | NA | NA | 25 G CSB with noncontact WAVS and endolaser illuminated probe | NA | 3 (100) | None | 6 M |
| Agranat et al. (2020) [38] | Surgical Technique | NA | NA | NA | 3D, 25 G or 27 G modified endoilluminator probe with a silicone guard, with noncontact WAVS | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Baldwin et al. (2019) [39] ** | Retrospective study | 16 | 0.03 ± NA (range 0–0.18) | 0.08 ± NA (range 0.02–0.69) | 3D, 25 G or 27 G Guarded Light Pipe Endoillumination noncontact WAVS and standard SB | - 3D: 90–111; 86–111 (with SRF drainage) - Standard SB: 94–123; 100–135 (with SRF drainage) |
14 (87.5) | VH 1 (6.3%) | median 11.6 (5.0–23.2)M |
| Savastano et al. (2020) [40] | Retrospective study | 20 | 0.23 ± 0.29 | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 27 G CSB with noncontact WAVS and releasable 7.0 vicryl scleral suture | NA | 19(95) | - rRD 1 | 6 M |
| La Spina et al. (2021) [41] | Retrospective study | 107 | NA | NA | 3D, 25 G CSB viewing system with noncontact | Mean 41 ± 18 | (4) | - Displacement of a radial scleral implant 1 (0.9%) -rRD 5 (6%) |
3 M |
| Albalkini et al. (2022) [42] ** | Randomized controlled trial | 50 | 1.32 ± 0.68 | 0.21 ± 0.17 | Chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (CSB) and standard SB | 102.48 ± 43.76 | 18(78.3%) | - ERM (44%) | 6 M |
* Mean values † visual acuity values in different scales were converted in logMAR ** In comparative studies, chandelier-assisted scleral buckling versus standard scleral buckling, data from the standard scleral buckling group were not included to unify the table. BCVA: best corrected visual acuity; NA: not available SB: scleral buckling; rRD: recurrent retinal detachment; GP: globe perforation; WAVS: wide-angle viewing systems; PPV: pars plana vitrectomy; CSB: chandelier-assisted scleral buckling; IOP: intraocular pressure; CH: choroidal hemorrhage; ERM: epiretinal membrane; SH: subretinal hemorrhage; PVR: proliferative vitreoretinopathy, VH: vitreous hemorrhage, MH: macular hole; SRF: subretinal fluid.