Table 3.
The common risk factors a for oral function problems based on demographic and health behavior variables.
| Independent Factors | Number of Cases with Oral Function Problems | Speaking Problem | Tasting Problem |
Swallowing
Problem |
Chewing Problem |
| No problems (%) | 601 (96.5) | 457 (73.4) | 253 (40.6) | 619 (99.4) | |
| Have problems (%) | 22 (3.5) | 166 (26.6) | 370 (59.4) | 4 (0.6) | |
| Categories | OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
|
| Xerostomia | No (reference) | 3.31 * (1.11–9.80) |
5.12 ** (3.26–8.06) |
3.59 ** (2.32–5.53) |
3.34 * (1.15–5.82) |
| Yes | |||||
| Sex | Male (reference) | 1.29 (0.45–3.69) |
0.79 (0.52–1.20) |
0.99 (0.65–1.51) |
0.98 (0.35–2.74) |
| Female | |||||
| Age (years) | 50–59 (reference) | - | - | - | - |
| 60–69 | 1.69 (0.27–10.27) |
0.81 (0.45–1.45) |
0.95 (0.52–1.73) |
1.50 (0.33–6.84) |
|
| Over 69 | 2.54 (0.55–11.77) |
0.71 (0.43–1.16) |
1.00 (0.60–1.64) |
1.34 (0.35–5.12) |
|
| Years since diabetes diagnosis | 0–5 (reference) | - | - | - | - |
| 6–10 | 0.81 (0.17–3.67) |
2.00 * (1.05–3.81) |
1.69 (0.93–3.04) |
1.84 (0.19–7.85) |
|
| Over 10 | 1.69 (0.44–6.48) |
2.69 * (1.43–5.07) |
1.65 (0.91–2.98) |
7.17 (0.91–8.12) |
|
| Denture wearing | No (reference) | 0.98 (0.12–7.69) |
1.77 (0.86–3.64) |
1.54 (0.73–3.23) |
5.45 * (1.65–7.93) |
| Yes | |||||
| Type of denture | None (reference) | - | - | - | - |
| Complete dentures | 8.10 * (2.88–13.95) |
4.99 (0.99–25.09) |
2.00 (1.50–5.22) |
25.90 ** (4.28–56.61) |
|
| Removable partial dentures | 2.00 (0.30–4.52) |
2.18 (0.87–5.44) |
2.62 * (1.08–6.37) |
2.35 (0.29–19.06) |
|
| Fixed partial dentures | 1.00 (0.42–8.23) |
0.41 (0.05–3.23) |
0.89 (0.19–4.10) |
4.31 (0.51–36.17) |
a The common risk factors were identified by bivariable logistic regression; OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; * p-values were significant (p < 0.05); ** p-values were significant (p < 0.001).