Table 4.
Summary of available studies examining hip fracture incidence changes during COVID-19 social-distancing measures.
| Study | Country | Type of Study | Period of Study | Scope | Incidence of Hip Fractures | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maniscalo et al., 2020, [31] | Italy | Retrospective | 22/02/20–18/04/20 (rp: 23/02/19–20/04/19) | Local | ↓ | Relative ↓ |
| Egol et al., 2020, [32] | United States of America | Prospective | 01/02/20–15/04/20 (rp: same in 2019) | Regional | ↑ | 138 hip fxs in 2020, 115 in 2019 |
| Malik-Tabassum, et al., 2020, [33] | United Kingdom | Retrospective | 23/03/20–11/05/20 (rp: same in 2018, 2019) | Local | ↓ | General ↓ in trauma workflow, marked ↓in younger adults requiring surgery |
| Narang et al., 2020, [34] | United Kingdom | Prospective | 01/03/20–30/04/20 (rp: same in 2019) | Regional | ↑ | 682 hip fxs in 2020, 664 in 2019 |
| Arafa et al., 2020, [35] | United Kingdom | Retrospective | 01/03/20–31/05/20 (rp: same in 2019) | Local | ↑ | 61.7% increase compared with 2019 |
| Hall et al., 2020, [36] | United Kingdom (Scotland) | Retrospective | 01/03/20–15/04/20 | National | → | Differences between regions due to testing strategies, social distancing policies, and ld measures. |
| Ogliari et al., 2020, [37] | United Kingdom | Prospective | 1st–12th w 2020 (pre-ld), 13th–19th w 2020 (ld) (rp: same in 2015–2019) | Local | → | Hip fxs unchanged during ld, ↓ in nonhip fragility fxs |
| Haskel et al., 2020, [38] | United States of America | Retrospective | 22/03/20–30/04/20 (rp: same in 2019) | Local | → | overall ↓ in ortho cases |
| Ojeda-Thies et al., 2020, [19] | Spain | Retrospective | 01/03/20–01/05/20 (rp: same in 2018, 2019) | Local | ↓ | 5.5% of pts presented >24 h after injury |
| Wignall et al., 2021, [39] | United Kingdom | Retrospective | 01/03/20–30/05/20 (rp: same in 2019) | Regional | ↓ | ↓ admissions in total (304 vs. 276). → average admissions/d. |
| Crozier-Shaw et al., 2021, [40] | Ireland | Retrospective | 20/0320–20/05/20 (rp: same in 2019) | Regional | ↓ | 20% ↓ in hip fxs |
| Da Silva et al., 2022, [41] | Brazil | Retrospective | 03/20–12/20(rp: same in 2019) | National and regional | ↓ | ↓ in domestic accidents |
| Troiano et al., 2023, [42] | Italy | Retrospective | 09/03/2020–03/05/2020, (rp: same in 2019, 2021) | Regional | ↓ | Almost unchanged (36 pts in 2019 vs. 28 in 2020 vs. 29 in 2021) |
Symbols/Abbreviations: ↓ = decrease, ↑ = increase, → = stable, rp = reference period, ld = lockdown, fxs = fractures, pts = patients.