Table 1.

It resumes the principal prognostic cytokines in severe COVID-19.

Authors/Year	Type of Study	Biomarker	Patients (Sample)	Outcome
Jøntvedt Jørgensen et al. [18] Year 2020	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	Il-6 and MCP	34 patients	IL-6 and MCP-1 were inversely correlated with P/F
Pirabe et al. [19] Year 2021	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)	110 patients	Adverse outcomes in elderly are associated with an inappropriate immune response,
Santa Cruz et al. [20] Year 2021	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	Il-6	46 Patients	IL-6 level was the most significant predictor of the non-survivors group,
Espindola et al. [21] Year 2021	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	Il-6 in cerebrum spinal fluid (CSF)	48 patients	Neurological syndromes related to SARS-CoV-2 were associated with high CSF levels of IL-6
Van singer et al. [22] Year 2020	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	Il-6 and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers And TREM-1 myeloid receptor	76 patients	IL-6 measured at presentation to the ED had the best accuracy for 30-day oxygen requirement
Popadic et al. [23] Year 2021	Prospectives studies	Serum albumin, D-dimer, and IL-6	160 patients	Serum albumin, D-dimer, and IL-6 at admission to ICU were independently associated with mortality
Galván-Román et al. [24] Year 2021	Prospectives studies	Il-6 and Tocilizumab response	146 patients	IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement and it helps in tocilizumab choice
Gordon et al. [25] Year 2021	Clinical Trials	Il-6 and Tocilizumab response	353 patients	Il-6 reduction is associated with tocilizumab response and outcome
Salama et al. [26] Year 2021	Clinical Trials	Il-6 and Tocilizumab response	389 patients	Il-6 reduction is associated with tocilizumab response and outcome
Schultheiß et al. [27] Year 2022	Prospectives studies	Il-6 and long term sequelae	318 patients	Il-6 monitoring is useful for long term sequelae
Queiroz et al. [28] Year 2022	Prospectives studies	Il-6 and long term complications	317 patients	Il-6 monitoring is useful for long term complications
Melero et al. [29] Year 2022	Prospectives studies	IL-8 messenger RNA (mRNA)	Lung Biopsy from 16 patients	Il-8 is associated to nflammatory infiltrates and neutrophil extracellular traps
Bain et al. [30] Year 2021	Prospectives studies	Il-6, Il-8, and Il-10	92 patients	Conclusions: COVID-19 ARDS bears several similarities to viral ARDS
Guasp et al. [31] Year 2022	Prospectives studies	Il-6, Il-8, and Il-10 IL-10, Il-1RA, IP-10	60 patients	levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines do not predict the long-term functional outcome
Han et al. [32] Year 2020	Prospectives studies	Il-6 and Il-10	102 patients	IL-6 and IL-10 can be used as predictors for patients with higher risk of disease deterioration.