Table 3.

It resumes biomarkers of sepsis in COVID-19.

Authors	Type of Study	Biomarker	Patients	Outcome
Venet et al. [48] Year 2021	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	Plasma IFNα2 levels and IFN-stimulated genes	64 patients	ARDS in SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be associated with the intensity of immune alterations upon ICU admission
Mellhammar et al. [49] Year 2021	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	Neutrophil-derived heparin binding protein (HBP;	35 patients	HBP is elevated prior to onset of organ dysfunction in patients with severe COVID-19
Smilowitz et al. [52] Year 2021	Prospective studies (Classified also as Trial on Pubmed)	C reactive protein (CRP)	2872 patients	CRP is strongly associated critical illness, and mortality in COVID-19.
Van Singer et al. [57] Year 2022	Prospective studies	Pancreatic Stone Protein	107 patients	CRB-65, CRP and PSP have an excellent accuracy to rule out early mortality in COVID-19.
Lagadinou et al. [58] Year 2022	Prospective studies	Pancreatic Stone Protein	55 patients	The optimal cut-off value to predict prolonged hospital stay was 51 ng/dL
Melegari et al. [59] Year 2023	Prospective studies	Pancreatic Stone Protein	21 Patients	Monitoring PSP plasma levels could be useful in the absence of a specific COVID-19