Figure 1.

(a) Topographical map represents areas of Aβ accumulation (in blue) according to Thal phases and “A” score [38,40,41]. (b) Tabulated representation of the data. A1 (1). Aβ plaques begin in the frontal lobe and move posteriorly to affect parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. They initially accumulate in the basal portion of the frontal and temporal lobes and temporal cortex adjacent to the hippocampus. In the early phases, Aβ plaques can be prominently observed in the medial frontal and medial parietal lobes. A1 (2). In the second phase, they involve cingulate gyrus. Medial temporal regions including entorhinal cortex and hippocampus (CA4 and CA1) are affected as well. A2 (3). Subcortical areas including hypothalamus, putamen, caudate, amygdaloid nuclei, and nucleus basalis of Meynert are affected in this stage. Aβ plaques expand further into the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes and affect the insular cortex. A3 (4). Aβ plaques can be observed in the midbrain central gray, locus coeruleus, and substantia nigra. In this phase, the primary motor and sensory cortices are affected. A3 (5). The last phase is characterized by Aβ immunoreactivity in the cerebellum.