Table 2.

Treatment approaches for apathy in AD.

Treatment Approaches for Apathy in AD
Non-Pharmacological	Psychological: Cognitive stimulation therapy [187,188] Reminiscence therapy [189] Music-based therapy [190,191] One-to-one person-focused patient contact [192,193] Therapeutic conversation [194] Controlled multi-sensory environment [198] Neuromodulation: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) [184,185,186]
Pharmacological	Apathy as primary outcome: Methylphenidate [203,204,205,207] Apathy as secondary outcome: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors [200]