Table 4.

Association of time spent outdoors (TSO; hours/day) and happiness, optimism and health status in 2017 and 2020.

	TSO-2017 Continuous OR (95%CI)	TSO-2020 Continuous OR (95%CI)
Least happy tertile
N (%)	342 [34.5%]	346 [41.6%]
Age adjusted	0.89 [0.83–0.95]	0.93 [0.86–1.00]
MV adjusted	0.88 [0.83–0.95]	0.94 [0.87–1.02]
MV adjusted + opt.	0.91 [0.84–0.99]	0.97 [0.88–1.07]
MV adjusted + activity	0.89 [0.83–0.95]	0.96 [0.88–1.04]
MV adjusted + health	0.91 [0.85–0.98]	0.98 [0.90–1.06]
Least optimistic tertile
N (%)	359 [36.2%]	325 [39.1%]
Age adjusted	0.93 [0.88–0.99]	0.89 [0.82–0.96]
MV adjusted	0.92 [0.87–0.98]	0.90 [0.83–0.98]
MV adjusted + happy	0.98 [0.91–1.06]	0.92 [0.83–1.01]
MV adjusted + activity	0.91 [0.85–0.97]	0.92 [0.85–1.00]
MV adjusted + health	0.95 [0.89–1.01]	0.94 [0.86–1.02]
Bad health status
N (%)	64 [6.5%]	51 [6.1%]
Age adjusted	0.80 [0.69–0.92]	0.59 [0.46–0.75]
MV adjusted	0.80 [0.69–0.92]	0.62 [0.48–0.79]
MV adjusted + happy	0.83 [0.72–0.96]	0.63 [0.49–0.80]
MV adjusted + opt.	0.83 [0.72–0.96]	0.62 [0.48–0.79]
MV adjusted+ activity	0.81 [0.70–0.94]	0.64 [0.50–0.82]

MV: adjusted for age, gender, education, area, work status, marital status, kids < 16 years, smoking status; MV + opt. + happy: additionally adjusted for optimism and happiness; MV + activity: additionally adjusted for daily walking and moderate and vigorous physical activity; MV + health: additionally adjusted for self-estimated health status.