Table 1. Sociodemographic Characteristics Stratified by Age Group Among 3310 Study Participantsa.
| Characteristic | Overall, No. (%)b | Age group, No. (%)b | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ≤31 y | Age 32 to 36 y | Age ≥37 y | ||
| Sexc,d | ||||
| Female | 3014 (91.1) | 1165 (91.9) | 699 (92.5) | 1150 (89.4) |
| Male | 292 (8.8) | 100 (7.9) | 57 (7.5) | 135 (10.5) |
| Prefer to describe | <5 (<0.9) | 0 | 0 | <5 (<0.9) |
| Prefer not to answer | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) | 0 | <5 (<0.9) |
| Genderd | ||||
| Woman | 2982 (90.1) | 1141 (90.1) | 693 (91.7) | 1148 (89.2) |
| Man | 289 (8.7) | 98 (7.7) | 57 (7.5) | 134 (10.4) |
| Nonbinary | 19 (0.6) | 15 (1.2) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Agender | 5 (0.2) | 5 (0.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Gender fluid | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Gender queer | 8 (0.2) | 5 (0.4) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Prefer to describe | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Prefer not to answer | <5 (<0.9) | 0 | 0 | <5 (<0.9) |
| Sexual orientationd | ||||
| Asexual | 24 (0.7) | 13 (1.0) | 6 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) |
| Bisexual | 221 (6.7) | 136 (10.8) | 33 (4.4) | 52 (4.1) |
| Demisexual | 15 (0.5) | 6 (0.5) | <5 (<0.9) | 6 (0.5) |
| Fluid | 11 (0.3) | 6 (0.5) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Gay | 52 (1.6) | 23 (1.8) | 10 (1.3) | 19 (1.5) |
| Heterosexual | 2796 (85.1) | 984 (78.0) | 667 (89.2) | 1145 (89.6) |
| Lesbian | 46 (1.4) | 22 (1.7) | 6 (0.8) | 18 (1.4) |
| Pansexual | 18 (0.5) | 8 (0.6) | 7 (0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Queer | 37 (1.1) | 27 (2.1) | <5 (<0.9) | 6 (0.5) |
| Questioning | 26 (0.8) | 16 (1.3) | <5 (<0.9) | 7 (0.5) |
| Prefer to describe | 13 (0.4) | 8 (0.6) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Prefer not to answer | 28 (0.9) | 12 (1.0) | 5 (0.7) | 11 (0.9) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 35.3 (8.9) | 27.0 (2.7) | 34.0 (1.4) | 44.2 (7.0) |
| Title | ||||
| Medical student | 899 (27.2) | 833 (65.7) | 54 (7.2) | 12 (0.9) |
| Resident | 441 (13.3) | 299 (23.6) | 120 (15.9) | 22 (1.7) |
| Fellow | 199 (6.0) | 51 (4.0) | 115 (15.2) | 33 (2.6) |
| Independent practitioner | 1738 (52.5) | 68 (5.4) | 461 (61.1) | 1209 (94.0) |
| Prefer to describe | 31 (0.9) | 16 (1.3) | 5 (0.7) | 10 (0.8) |
| Race and ethnicityd | ||||
| Asian | 531 (16.1) | 187 (14.8) | 133 (17.6) | 211 (16.4) |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) | <5 (<0.9) |
| Black or African American | 189 (5.7) | 61 (4.8) | 35 (4.6) | 93 (7.2) |
| Hispanic, Latinx, or Spanish origin | 40 (1.2) | 19 (1.5) | 13 (1.7) | 8 (0.6) |
| Middle Eastern or North African | 102 (3.1) | 42 (3.3) | 25 (3.3) | 35 (2.7) |
| Multiraciale | 236 (7.1) | 115 (9.1) | 46 (6.1) | 75 (5.8) |
| White | 2142 (64.8) | 821 (64.8) | 491 (65.0) | 830 (64.6) |
| Prefer to describe | 39 (1.2) | 11 (0.9) | 5 (0.7) | 23 (1.8) |
| Prefer not to answer | 23 (0.7) | 9 (0.7) | 6 (0.8) | 8 (0.6) |
| Specialtyf | ||||
| Anesthesiology | 57 (2.4) | 13 (3.0) | 12 (1.7) | 32 (2.6) |
| Dermatology | 21 (0.9) | 5 (1.1) | 9 (1.3) | 7 (0.6) |
| Emergency medicine | 175 (7.4) | 25 (5.7) | 56 (8.1) | 94 (7.5) |
| Family medicine | 224 (9.4) | 46 (10.6) | 67 (9.7) | 111 (8.9) |
| Internal medicine | 596 (25.1) | 78 (17.9) | 169 (24.4) | 349 (27.9) |
| Internal medicine–pediatrics | 37 (1.6) | 6 (1.4) | 9 (1.3) | 22 (1.8) |
| Neurology | 42 (1.8) | 19 (4.4) | 10 (1.4) | 13 (1.0) |
| Obstetrics and gynecology | 255 (10.7) | 50 (11.5) | 80 (11.5) | 125 (10.0) |
| Pathology | 32 (1.3) | 6 (1.4) | 6 (0.9) | 20 (1.6) |
| Pediatrics | 372 (15.6) | 66 (15.2) | 127 (18.3) | 179 (14.3) |
| Physical medicine and rehabilitation | 23 (1.0) | <5 (<0.9) | 6 (0.9) | 14 (1.1) |
| Psychiatry | 98 (4.1) | 25 (5.7) | 18 (2.6) | 55 (4.4) |
| Radiology | 59 (2.5) | 7 (1.6) | 14 (2.0) | 38 (3.0) |
| Radiation oncology | 14 (0.6) | <5 (<0.9) | 5 (0.7) | 5 (0.4) |
| Surgery | 325 (13.7) | 69 (15.9) | 93 (13.4) | 163 (13.0) |
| Prefer to describe | 49 (2.1) | 13 (3.0) | 13 (1.9) | 23 (1.8) |
Participants were recruited through social media (ie, Twitter, Instagram, LinkedIn, and Facebook groups) and email listservs (American College of Physicians and American Medical Women’s Association). The specific Facebook groups used to recruit participants were American Medical Association Medical Students, American Medical Women’s Association, Association of Women Surgeons, Gay Men Physicians Group, LGBTQ+ Premed and Medical Students, LGBTQIA+ Med Students, Medical Student Pride Alliance, Physician Moms Group, Physician Women Warriors, Women in Academic Medicine Leadership.
Total numbers may vary due to item nonresponse. Counts in cells with fewer than 5 individuals are suppressed to protect anonymity.
Another response option, which no participants in this sample selected, was Intersex.
The categories for sex, gender, sexual orientation, and race and ethnicity were from participant self-report from specific categories for selection available in the survey instrument.
Participants who selected more than one option are considered multiracial for the purpose of this study.
Only residents, fellows, practicing physicians, and prefer to describe were asked this question.