Table 1. Baseline Demographic, Imaging, and Clinical Characteristics.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thrombectomy group | Control group | ||
| Patients, No. | 26 | 26 | NA |
| Thrombectomy procedures, No. | 28b | 0 | NA |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 10 (38.5) | 11 (42.3) | .78 |
| Male | 16 (61.5) | 15 (57.7) | |
| Age, y | |||
| Mean (SD) | 10.9 (4.4) | 9.8 (4.4) | .37 |
| Median (range) | 12.5 (3.1-16.0) | 10.5 (1.9-17.0) | |
| Age group, y | |||
| 0-2 | 0 | 1 (3.8) | .62 |
| 3-6 | 6 (23.1) | 5 (19.2) | |
| 7-11 | 6 (23.1) | 9 (34.6) | |
| 12-17 | 14 (53.8) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Thrombolysis status | |||
| Intravenous tPA given | 4 (15.4) | 1 (3.8) | .16 |
| Intra-arterial tPA given | 0 | 2 (7.7) | .15 |
| Intravenous or intra-arterial tPA given | 4 (15.4) | 3 (11.5) | .69 |
| Site of occlusion | |||
| Intracranial ICA | 10 (38.4) | 10 (38.4) | >.99 |
| MCA, proximal to mid M1 | 9 (34.6) | 9 (34.6) | |
| MCA, M1-2 junction to M2 | 5 (19.2) | 5 (19.2) | |
| Basilar/vertebrobasilar | 2 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Side of occlusion | |||
| Left | 14 (53.8) | 13 (50.0) | .96 |
| Right | 10 (38.4) | 11 (42.3) | |
| Midline | 2 (7.7) | 2 (7.7) | |
| Baseline ASPECTS, No./total No. (%) | |||
| CT available | 22/28 (78.6) | 17/26 (65.4) | .13 |
| DWI available | 12/28 (42.9) | 21/26 (80.8) | |
| Both CT and DWI available | 6/28 (21.4) | 12/26 (46.2) | |
| ASPECTS, mean (SD)c | 6.8 (2.25) | 6.7 (2.74) | .94 |
| ASPECTS ≤5 | 6/28 (21.4) | 7/26 (26.9) | .64 |
| Stroke etiology | |||
| Cardio-embolic | 10 (38.5) | 8 (30.8) | .66 |
| Idiopathic | 5 (19.2) | 3 (11.5) | |
| Dissection | 4 (15.4) | 7 (26.9) | |
| Other | 7 (26.9)d | 8 (30.8)e | |
| Time since LSW, mean (SD), min | |||
| Initial clinical presentation | 157 (159) | 226 (346) | .43 |
| Arrival at pediatric hospital | 344 (400) | 554 (655) | .24 |
| Initial angiographic imaging | 301 (318) | 661 (909) | .07 |
| Clinical presentation timing, No./total No. (%) | |||
| <6 h | 24/28 (85.7) | 16/26 (61.5) | NA |
| 6-24 h | 4/28 (14.3) | 8/26 (30.8) | |
| >24 h | 0 | 2/26 (7.7) | |
| Total <24 h | 28/28 (100) | 24/26 (92.3) | |
| Selection criteria fulfilled | |||
| MR-CLEAN1 | 15 (53.6) | 8 (30.8) | NA |
| DAWN19 | 5 (17.9) | 6 (23.1) | NA |
| AHA class I-IIb criteria, No./total No. (%)20 | 22/28 (78.6) | 16/26 (61.5) | .17 |
| Excluded for ASPECTS ≤5 | 6 (21.4) | 7 (26.9) | NA |
| Excluded for presentation >24 h | 0 | 2 (7.7) | NA |
Abbreviations: AHA, American Heart Association; ASPECTS, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; CT, computed tomography; DAWN, DWI or CTP Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake-Up and Late Presenting Stroke Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo Study19; DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging; ICA, internal carotid artery; LSW, last seen well; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MR-CLEAN, Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke in the Netherlands Study1; NA, not applicable; tPA, tissue plasminogen activator.
P values calculated using χ2 or t tests, as appropriate.
Two patients underwent a second thrombectomy procedure within 96 hours of the initial procedure, in both cases due to reocclusion in the same angiographic location (right intracranial ICA and left proximal M1, respectively). For the purposes of measuring clinical outcome at 3 months and final follow-up, both patients were counted once only.
For pooled ASPECTS analyses in patients with both baseline CT and DWI available, the final imaging modality used for acute clinical decision-making was included. Both patients with posterior circulation occlusion in each group had ASPECTS of 10.
A total of 7 patients undergoing thrombectomy with stroke etiology classified as other included 4 with paradoxical embolus, 1 with acute thrombosis following radiotherapy for adjacent suprasellar pilocytic astrocytoma, 1 with hypercoagulable state, and 1 with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system–related embolus.
A total of 8 control patients with stroke etiology classified as other included 3 with focal cerebral arteriopathy with superimposed acute thrombotic occlusion, 2 with large-vessel vasculitis, 1 with hypercoagulable state, 1 with drug-induced vasculopathy, and 1 with Bowhunter syndrome with secondary thrombotic occlusion.