TABLE 3.
Polysaccharides from microorganisms with antioxidation and anti-diabetic effects.
| Polysaccharide source | Monosaccharides composition | Models | Administration | Mechanism | Positive control | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agrocybe Cylindracea | Man, rib, rha, glu A, gal A, glu, gal, xyl, ara, and fuc | HFD and STZ-induced mice | 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks | ↓: Blood glucose, liver and colon injuries, and inflammation | Sun et al. (2022) | |
| ↑: SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, and lipid metabolism | ||||||
| Cordyceps sinensis | Fuc: rib: ara: xyl: man: gal: glc = 1.23:0.57: 0.29:2.12: 2.73:4.66: 88.4 | HFD and STZ induced mice | 100 and 400 mg/kg, for 4 weeks | ↑: GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT | Zhao et al. (2018) | |
| ↓: MDA, LDL, TC, TG, urea, CREA, ALT, AST, and ALP | ||||||
| Cordyceps cicadae | alloxan monohydrate induced rats | 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for 30 days | ↑: HDL, SOD, and GSH | glibenclamide | Zhang et al. (2018c) | |
| ↓: TC, TG, LDL, MDA, urea, CREA, ALT, AST, and ALP | ||||||
| Cynomorium coccineum L | Male SD rats | 1.0, 2.0 g/kg for 4 weeks | ↓: α-glucosidase, blood glc, MDA, LDL-C, TC, and TG | Zhang et al. (2017) | ||
| ↑: SOD, GSH-Px, and HDL-C | ||||||
| Phellinus linteus | alloxan-induced mice | 100 mg/kg | ↓: blood glc level | metformin | Zhao et al. (2014) | |
| Mycelium zinc | STZ induced mice | 800, 400, 200 mg/kg | ↑:GSH-Px, SOD, CAT, and HDL-C | Zhang et al. (2015) | ||
| ↓:MDA, ALT, AST, BUN, CRE,TC,ALB, LDL-C, and VLDL-C | ||||||
| Ganoderma lucidum | Rha:xyl:fru: Gal:man:glu = 0.793: 0.964: 2.944: 0.167: 0.384: 7.94 | HFD induced male db/db mice | 100 mg/kg/d | improving the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway | metformin | Li et al. (2020a) |
| Auricularia auricular (L.et Hook.) Underw | Fuc, glu, gal, xyl, Rha, man; 17.1 kDa | STZ-induced diabetic mice | 100, 300 mg/kg, For 4 weeks | ↓: Blood glucose, TNF-α, and MDA | Xiang et al. (2021) | |
| ↑: serum insulin, SOD | ||||||
| Lentinus edodes (Berk.) sing | Rha: Fuc: Ara: GLC-UA:Gal: Man: Glc = 1 : 6.13 : 1.28 : 1.79 : 20.62 : 4.74 : 842.17 | STZ mice | 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg | ↑: Nrf2/HO-1 pathway | Gong et al. (2022) | |
| Suillellus luridus | Gal: Glc: Car: Man = 44.9:27.6:14.7:12.8; 9.4 kDa | STZ-induced diabetic mice | 100 mg/kg/d for 30 days | ↑: Hepatic glycogen, CAT, insulin, SOD, GSH-Px, and HDL-C | glibenclamide | Liu et al. (2020a) |
| ↓:blood glucose, TC, TG, and LDL-C | ||||||
| Suillellus luridus | Fuc: glc: gal: xyl: rha: man; 173 kDa | STZ-induced diabetic mice | 100,300 mg/kg for 4 weeks | ↓: Blood glucose and MDA | glibenclamide | Zhang et al. (2018b) |
| ↑: serum insulin, CAT | ||||||
| Armillariella tabescens mycelia | Man, ara, fuc | HFD and STZ induced mice | 200, 400 mg/kg | ↑: SOD, GSH | Yang et al. (2020b) | |
| ↓: ROS, LPO and MDA | ||||||
| Inonotus obliquusvia | H2O2-induced hepatic L02 cells | 50, 250 and 500 μg/mL | ↓: DPPH, ferric reducing power | Vc | Wang et al. (2018) | |
| Coprinus comatus mycelium | Gal,α-pyranose; 495.8 kDa | HFD-STZ fed mice | 100, 200, 400 mg/kg/d | modulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt and Wnt-1/β-catenin pathways | metformin | Gao et al. (2021) |
| Pleurotus eryngii SI-04 | Ara: Man:Gal:Glu = 1:1.7:1:4.3 | STZ induced mice | 600 and 300 mg/kg | ↓: GLU, ALB, BUN, CRE, UA levels, TC, MDA, TG, VLDL-C and LDL-C | glibenclamide | Zhang et al. (2018a) |
| ↑:GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT | ||||||
| Paecilomyces hepialid | D-Xylose (D-Xyl), D-Mannose (D-Man), D-Glc and D-Gal | db/db mice | 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg | ↑: CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD | metformin | Hu et al. (2020) |
| ↓: MDA, ROS | ||||||
| Grifola frondosa (Dicks.) Gray | Glc:Man:Gala:Xyl:Ara:Rha:Ribose = 26.74:22.79:16.76:16.02:14.29:2.05:1.35/Ribose:Ara:Xyl = 74.73:14.20:11.08/Rha:Ara:Xyl:Man:Glc:Gal = 4.74:5:1:3.42:31.29:6.89 | STZ induced diabetic rats | 200 mg/kg | ↑: CAT, SOD, GSH-px | metformin | Kou et al. (2019) |
| ↓: ROS | ||||||
| Pholiota nameko | methylglyoxal -induced Hs68 cell | ↓: ROS, AGEs | Lin et al. (2021b) |