Table 1.

Characteristics of participants.

Variables	Total participants	Self-care behavior		p-value
	n (%)	Frequent practicing	Less practicing
		(n=84, %)	(n=74, %)
Age (years)				0.636
Adults	6 (3.8)	2 (2.4)	4 (5.4)
Pre elderly	37 (23.4)	20 (23.8)	17 (23.0)
Middle elderly	58 (36.7)	29 (34.5)	29 (39.2)
Elderly	57 (36.1)	33 (39.3)	24 (32.4)
Sex				0.593
Male	35 (22.2)	20 (23.8)	15 (20.3)
Female	123 (77.8)	64 (76.2)	59 (79.7)
Education level				0.167
High	43 (27.2)	19 (22.6)	24 (32.4)
Low	115 (72.8)	65 (77.4)	50 (67.6)
Occupation				0.566
Employee	54 (34.2)	27 (32.1)	27 (36.5)
Unemployed	104 (65.8)	57 (67.9)	47 (63.5)
Income				0.013*
<2.3 jt	117 (74.1)	69 (82.1)	48 (64.9)
≥2.3 jt	41 (25.9)	15 (17.9)	26 (35.1)
Living arrangement				0.321
Family	152 (96.2)	82 (97.6)	70 (94.6)
Alone	6 (3.8)	2 (2.4)	4 (5.4)
Family's member				0.041
1 – 4 peoople	116 (73.4)	56 (66.7)	60 (81.1)
5 – 9 people	42 (26.6)	28 (33.3)	14 (18.9)
Assurance participations				0.314
Have assurance	135 (85.4)	74 (88.1)	61 (82.4)
Don’t have assurance	23 (14.6)	10 (11.9)	13 (17.6)
Disease duration				0.205
<5 years	100 (63.3)	57 (67.9)	43 (58.1)
≥5 years	58 (36.7)	27 (32.1)	31 (41.9)
Complication occurred				0.105
No complication	62 (39.2)	28 (33.3)	34 (45.9)
There are complications	96 (60.8)	56 (66.7)	40 (54.1)
Type of treatment				0.342
Don’t take medicine	9 (5.7)	3 (3.6)	6 (8.1)
Medicine	103 (65.2)	59 (70.2)	44 (59.5)
Insulin injection	13 (8.2)	7 (8.3)	6 (8.1)
Traditional	4 (2.5)	3 (3.6)	1 (1.4)
Combination	29 (18.4)	12 (14.3)	17 (23.0)
Diet program				0.006*
Not on a diet	53 (33.5)	20 (23.8)	33 (44.6)
On a diet	105 (66.5)	64 (76.2)	41 (55.4)
BMI				0.610
Underweight	7 (4.4)	5 (6.0)	2 (2.7)
Normal	77 (48.7)	40 (47.6)	37 (50.0)
Overnutrition	74 (46.8)	39 (46.4)	35 (47.3)

Significant based on Chi-square test (p≤0.05).